A data-driven sensor placement approach for detecting voltage violations in distribution systems

Buason, Paprapee; Misra, Sidhant; Talkington, Samuel; Molzahn, Daniel K.

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110387

Title: A data-driven sensor placement approach for detecting voltage violations in distribution systems

Journal Article · 15 April 2024 · Electric Power Systems Research

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110387 · OSTI ID:2432334

^[1]; Misra, Sidhant ^[2]; Talkington, Samuel ^[3];

^[3]

Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)

Stochastic fluctuations in power injections from distributed energy resources (DERs) combined with load variability can cause constraint violations (e.g., exceeded voltage limits) in electric distribution systems. To monitor grid operations, sensors are placed to measure important quantities such as the voltage magnitudes. Here, in this paper, we consider a sensor placement problem which seeks to identify locations for installing sensors that can capture all possible violations of voltage magnitude limits. We formulate a bilevel optimization problem that minimizes the number of sensors and avoids false sensor alarms in the upper level while ensuring detection of any voltage violations in the lower level. This problem is challenging due to the nonlinearity of the power flow equations and the presence of binary variables. Accordingly, we employ recently developed conservative linear approximations of the power flow equations that overestimate or underestimate the voltage magnitudes. By replacing the nonlinear power flow equations with conservative linear approximations, we can ensure that the resulting sensor locations and thresholds are sufficient to identify any constraint violations. Additionally, we apply various problem reformulations to significantly improve computational tractability while simultaneously ensuring an appropriate placement of sensors. Lastly, we improve the quality of the results via an approximate gradient descent method that adjusts the sensor thresholds. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method for several test cases, including a system with multiple switching configurations.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC); USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 2432334

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-24-23063

Journal Information:: Electric Power Systems Research, Journal Name: Electric Power Systems Research Vol. 232; ISSN 0378-7796

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Approximate gradient descent
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Title: A data-driven sensor placement approach for detecting voltage violations in distribution systems

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