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Title: Molecular Mechanisms of Sorbed Ion Effects during Boehmite Particle Aggregation

Journal Article · · Langmuir

Classical theories of particle aggregation, such as Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO), do not explain recent observations of ion-specific effects or the complex concentration dependence for aggregation. Thus, here, we probe the molecular mechanisms by which selected alkali nitrate ions (Na+, K+, and NO3–) influence aggregation of the mineral boehmite (γ-AlOOH) nanoparticles. Nanoparticle aggregation was analyzed using classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations coupled with the metadynamics rare event approach for stoichiometric surface terminations of two boehmite crystal faces. Calculated free energy landscapes reveal how electrolyte ions alter aggregation on different crystal faces relative to pure water. Consistent with experimental observations, we find that adding an electrolyte significantly reduces the energy barrier for particle aggregation (~3–4×). However, in this work, we show this is due to the ions disrupting interstitial water networks, and that aggregation between stoichiometric (010) basal–basal surfaces is more favorable than between (001) edge–edge surfaces (~5–6×) due to the higher interfacial water densities on edge surfaces. The interfacial distances in the interlayer between aggregated particles with electrolytes (~5–10 Å) are larger than those in pure water (a few Ångströms). Together, aggregation/disaggregation in salt solutions is predicted to be more reversible due to these lower energy barriers, but there is uncertainty on the magnitudes of the energies that lead to aggregation at the molecular scale. By analyzing the peak water densities of the first monolayer of interstitial water as a proxy for solvent ordering, we find that the extent of solvent ordering likely determines the structures of aggregated states as well as the energy barriers to move between them. Further, the results suggest a path for developing a molecular-level basis to predict the synergies between ions and crystal faces that facilitate aggregation under given solution conditions. Such fundamental understanding could be applied extensively to the aggregation and precipitation utilization in the biological, pharmaceutical, materials design, environmental remediation, and geological regimes.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Interfacial Dynamics in Radioactive Environments and Materials (IDREAM)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725; AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
2429800
Journal Information:
Langmuir, Journal Name: Langmuir Journal Issue: 17 Vol. 40; ISSN 0743-7463
Publisher:
American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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