The LIGO HET Response (LIGHETR) Project to Discover and Spectroscopically Follow Optical Transients Associated with Neutron Star Mergers

Bustamante-Rosell, M. J.; Zeimann, Greg; Wheeler, J. Craig; Gebhardt, Karl; Zimmerman, Aaron; Fryer, Christopher Lee; Korobkin, Oleg; Matzner, Richard; Villar, V. Ashley; Yadavalli, S. Karthik; de Soto, Kaylee M.; Shetrone, Matthew; Janowiecki, Steven; Kumar, Pawan; Pooley, David; Thomas, Benjamin P.; Chen, Hsin-Yu; Wang, Lifan; Vinkó, Jozsef; Sand, David J.; Wollaeger, Ryan Thomas; Hessman, Frederic V.; McQuinn, Kristen B.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace1f3

Title: The LIGO HET Response (LIGHETR) Project to Discover and Spectroscopically Follow Optical Transients Associated with Neutron Star Mergers

Journal Article · 25 August 2023 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace1f3 · OSTI ID:2426509

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Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States); Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Univ. of California Observatories, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
Trinity University, San Antonio, TX (United States); Eureka Scientific, Inc., Oakland, CA (United States)
Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States); Konkoly Observatory, Budapest (Hungary); University of Szeged (Hungary)
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Gottingen Univ. (Germany)
Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)

The LIGO HET Response (LIGHETR) project is an enterprise to follow up optical transients (OTs) discovered as gravitational-wave merger sources by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration (LVC). Early spectroscopy has the potential to constrain crucial parameters such as the aspect angle. The LIGHETR collaboration also includes the capacity to model the spectroscopic evolution of mergers to facilitate a real-time direct comparison of models with our data. The principal facility is the Hobby–Eberly Telescope. LIGHETR uses the massively replicated VIRUS array of spectrographs to search for associated OTs and obtain early blue spectra, and in a complementary role, the low-resolution LRS2 spectrograph is used to obtain spectra of viable candidates as well as a densely sampled series of spectra of true counterparts. Once an OT is identified, the anticipated cadence of spectra would match or considerably exceed anything achieved for GW170817 = AT2017gfo for which there were no spectra in the first 12 hr and thereafter only roughly once daily. We describe special HET-specific software written to facilitate the program and attempts to determine the flux limits to undetected sources. We also describe our campaign to follow up OT candidates during the third observational campaign of the LIGO and Virgo Scientific Collaborations. We obtained VIRUS spectroscopy of candidate galaxy hosts for five LVC gravitational-wave events and LRS2 spectra of one candidate for the OT associated with S190901ap. We identified that candidate, ZTF19abvionh = AT2019pip, as a possible Wolf–Rayet star in an otherwise unrecognized nearby dwarf galaxy.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 2426509

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--22-29161

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 954; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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GW170817 Most Likely Made a Black Hole Pooley, David; Kumar, Pawan; Wheeler, J. Craig The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aac3d6	journal	May 2018
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The Optical Afterglow of GW170817 at One Year Post-merger Lamb, G. P.; Lyman, J. D.; Levan, A. J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaf96b	journal	January 2019
Follow-up of the Neutron Star Bearing Gravitational-wave Candidate Events S190425z and S190426c with MMT and SOAR Hosseinzadeh, G.; Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Gomez, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab271c	journal	July 2019
Searches after Gravitational Waves Using ARizona Observatories (SAGUARO): System Overview and First Results from Advanced LIGO/Virgo’s Third Observing Run Lundquist, M. J.; Paterson, K.; Fong, W. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab32f2	journal	August 2019
A Galaxy-targeted Search for the Optical Counterpart of the Candidate NS–BH Merger S190814bv with Magellan Gomez, S.; Hosseinzadeh, G.; Cowperthwaite, P. S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab4ad5	journal	October 2019
GROWTH on S190425z: Searching Thousands of Square Degrees to Identify an Optical or Infrared Counterpart to a Binary Neutron Star Merger with the Zwicky Transient Facility and Palomar Gattini-IR Coughlin, Michael W.; Ahumada, Tomás; Anand, Shreya The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab4ad8	journal	October 2019
Two Years of Nonthermal Emission from the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817: Rapid Fading of the Jet Afterglow and First Constraints on the Kilonova Fastest Ejecta Hajela, A.; Margutti, R.; Alexander, K. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab5226	journal	November 2019
Evidence for X-Ray Emission in Excess to the Jet-afterglow Decay 3.5 yr after the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW 170817: A New Emission Component Hajela, A.; Margutti, R.; Bright, J. S. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 927, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac504a	journal	March 2022
pandas-dev/pandas: Pandas https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3509134	software	January 2024

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