How do supernova remnants cool? – I. Morphology, optical emission lines, and shocks

Makarenko, Ekaterina I.; Walch, Stefanie; Clarke, Seamus D.; Seifried, Daniel; Naab, Thorsten; Nürnberger, Pierre C.; Rathjen, Tim-Eric

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1472

Title: How do supernova remnants cool? – I. Morphology, optical emission lines, and shocks

Journal Article · 16 May 2023 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1472 · OSTI ID:2425036

; Walch, Stefanie;

;

; Naab, Thorsten;

;

ABSTRACT Supernovae (SNe) inject ∼1051 erg in the interstellar medium, thereby shocking and heating the gas. A substantial fraction of this energy is later lost via radiative cooling. We present a post-processing module for the flash code to calculate the cooling radiation from shock-heated gas using collisional excitation data from mappings v. When applying this tool to a simulated SN remnant (SNR), we find that most energy is emitted in the EUV. However, optical emission lines ([O iii], [N ii], [S ii], H α, H β) are usually best observable. Our shock detection scheme shows that [S ii] and [N ii] emissions arise from the thin shell surrounding the SNR, while [O iii], H $$\rm \alpha$$, and H $$\rm \beta$$ originate from the volume-filling hot gas inside the SNR bubble. We find that the optical emission lines are affected by the SNR’s complex structure and its projection on to the plane of the sky because the escaping line luminosity can be reduced by 10–80 per cent due to absorption along the line of sight. Additionally, the subtraction of contaminating background radiation is required for the correct classification of an SNR on the oxygen or sulphur BPT diagrams. The electron temperature and density obtained from our synthetic observations match well with the simulation but are very sensitive to the assumed metallicity.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). DOE NNSA-ASC OASCR Flash Center

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 2425036

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 523; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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The Interaction of Supernovae with the Interstellar Medium Chevalier, Roger A. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.15.090177.001135	journal	September 1977
Star Formation in Galaxies Along the Hubble Sequence Kennicutt, Robert C. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 36, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.189	journal	September 1998
Nuclear Activity in Nearby Galaxies Ho, Luis C. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 46, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.45.051806.110546	journal	September 2008
The Chemical Composition of the Sun Asplund, Martin; Grevesse, Nicolas; Sauval, A. Jacques Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 47, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222	journal	September 2009
Extensive Online Shock Model Database Alarie, A.; Morisset, C. Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Vol. 55, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.22201/ia.01851101p.2019.55.02.21	journal	September 2019
Constraining the age and Distance of the Galactic Supernova Remnant G156.2+5.7 by hα Expansion Measurements Katsuda, Satoru; Tanaka, Masaomi; Morokuma, Tomoki The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 826, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/108	journal	July 2016
Is Molecular Cloud Turbulence Driven by External Supernova Explosions? Seifried, Daniel; Walch, Stefanie; Haid, Sebastian The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaacff	journal	March 2018
Theoretical ISM Pressure and Electron Density Diagnostics for Local and High-redshift Galaxies Kewley, Lisa J.; Nicholls, David C.; Sutherland, Ralph The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab16ed	journal	July 2019
Powerful t-SNE Technique Leading to Clear Separation of Type-2 AGN and H ii Galaxies in BPT Diagrams Zhang, XueGuang; Feng, Yanqiu; Chen, Huan The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 905, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abc478	journal	December 2020
A Machine-learning Approach to Integral Field Unit Spectroscopy Observations. II. H ii Region Line Ratios Rhea, Carter; Rousseau-Nepton, Laurie; Prunet, Simon The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 910, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abe627	journal	April 2021
The Physics of the Coronal-line Region for Galaxies in Mapping Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory Negus, James; Comerford, Julia M.; Müller Sánchez, Francisco The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 920, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1343	journal	October 2021
Effects of Preionization in Radiative Shocks. I. Self-consistent Models Sutherland, Ralph S.; Dopita, Michael A. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 229, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aa6541	journal	April 2017

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