Molten-Salt Synthesis of O3-Type Layered Oxide Single Crystal Cathodes with Controlled Morphology towards Long-Life Sodium-Ion Batteries

Lamb, Julia; Jarvis, Karalee; Manthiram, Arumugam

doi:10.1002/smll.202106927

Title: Molten-Salt Synthesis of O₃-Type Layered Oxide Single Crystal Cathodes with Controlled Morphology towards Long-Life Sodium-Ion Batteries

Journal Article · 20 February 2022 · Small

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202106927 · OSTI ID:2419697

Lamb, Julia ^[1]; Jarvis, Karalee ^[2];

^[2]

Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Texas Materials Institute (TMI); OSTI
Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Texas Materials Institute (TMI)

Sodium layered oxides show great promise as affordable alternatives to lithium layered oxides, but their poor cycle life and air stability limit their practical potential. Micron-scale single crystals with greater packing density and lower surface area can overcome these challenges and improve performance compared to the traditional polycrystalline morphology. Herein, the authors present the synthesis of layered O₃-type Na(Ni_0.3Fe_0.4Mn_0.3)O₂single-crystals with greatly improved cycle life and air stability. A molten-salt synthesis technique is adopted with excess sodium hydroxide to obtain platelet-like single crystals. Because the main mechanisms of both capacity fade and air degradation occur as a result of surface reactions at the opening of the sodium diffusion channels, particle morphology is found to be a critical metric for materials performance. More important than particle size or total surface area, the smaller proportion of exposed edge planes in the platelet morphology greatly reduces the amount of harmful surface reactions. Furthermore, the molten-salt method is found to eliminate the need for coprecipitated precursors and even form better morphology, starting from metal oxides instead of coprecipitated hydroxides.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0005397

OSTI ID:: 2419697

Journal Information:: Small, Journal Name: Small Journal Issue: 43 Vol. 18; ISSN 1613-6810

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Molten-Salt Synthesis of O3-Type Layered Oxide Single Crystal Cathodes with Controlled Morphology towards Long-Life Sodium-Ion Batteries

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Title: Molten-Salt Synthesis of O₃-Type Layered Oxide Single Crystal Cathodes with Controlled Morphology towards Long-Life Sodium-Ion Batteries