Persistent mysteries of jet engines, formation, propagation, and particle acceleration: Have they been addressed experimentally?

Blackman, Eric G.; Lebedev, Sergey V.

doi:10.1016/j.newar.2022.101661

Title: Persistent mysteries of jet engines, formation, propagation, and particle acceleration: Have they been addressed experimentally?

Journal Article · 30 June 2022 · New Astronomy Reviews

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2022.101661 · OSTI ID:2417893

^[1];

^[2]

Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States); OSTI
Imperial College, London (United Kingdom)

Here, the physics of astrophysical jets can be divided into three regimes: (i) engine and launch (ii) propagation and collimation, (iii) dissipation and particle acceleration. Since astrophysical jets comprise a huge range of scales and phenomena, practicality dictates that most studies of jets intentionally or inadvertently focus on one of these regimes, and even therein, one body of work may be simply boundary condition for another. We first discuss long standing persistent mysteries that pertain the physics of each of these regimes, independent of the method used to study them. This discussion makes contact with frontiers of plasma astrophysics more generally. While observations theory, and simulations, and have long been the main tools of the trade, what about laboratory experiments? Jet related experiments have offered controlled studies of specific principles, physical processes, and benchmarks for numerical and theoretical calculations. We discuss what has been accomplished on these fronts. Although experiments have indeed helped us to understand certain processes, proof of principle concepts, and benchmarked codes, they have yet to solved an astrophysical jet mystery on their own. A challenge is that experimental tools used for jet-related experiments so far, are typically not machines originally designed for that purpose, or designed with specific astrophysical mysteries in mind. This presents an opportunity for a different way of thinking about the development of future platforms: start with the astrophysical mystery and build an experiment to address it.

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Research Organization:: Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States); Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); National Science Foundation (NSF); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003764; SC0001063; SC0020103; SC0020432; SC0020434

OSTI ID:: 2417893

Journal Information:: New Astronomy Reviews, Journal Name: New Astronomy Reviews Journal Issue: C Vol. 95; ISSN 1387-6473

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Towards a unified model for black hole X-ray binary jets Fender, R. P.; Belloni, T. M.; Gallo, E. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 355, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08384.x	journal	December 2004
Polarization and structure of relativistic parsec-scale AGN jets Lyutikov, M.; Pariev, V. I.; Gabuzda, D. C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 360, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08954.x	journal	July 2005
Magnetic tower outflows from a radial wire array Z-pinch Lebedev, S. V.; Ciardi, A.; Ampleford, D. J. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 361, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09132.x	journal	July 2005
Active galactic nuclei jet mass loading and truncation by stellar winds Hubbard, A.; Blackman, E. G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 371, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10808.x	journal	October 2006
The power of blazar jets: The power of blazar jets Celotti, Annalisa; Ghisellini, Gabriele Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 385, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12758.x	journal	February 2008
Dimensionless measures of turbulent magnetohydrodynamic dissipation rates Blackman, Eric G.; Field, George B. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 386, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13108.x	journal	May 2008
Effect of plasma composition on the interpretation of Faraday rotation Park, Kiwan; Blackman, E. G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 403, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16228.x	journal	April 2010
On the angular momentum transport due to vertical convection in accretion discs Lesur, Geoffroy; Ogilvie, Gordon I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 404, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00836.x	journal	May 2010
The radio core and jet in the broad absorption-line quasar PG 1700+518 Yang, J.; Wu, F.; Paragi, Z. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 419, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01182.x	journal	January 2012
Laboratory formation of a scaled protostellar jet by coaligned poloidal magnetic field Albertazzi, B.; Ciardi, A.; Nakatsutsumi, M. Science, Vol. 346, Issue 6207 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259694	journal	October 2014
Magnetohydrodynamic Production of Relativistic Jets Meier, D. L. Science, Vol. 291, Issue 5501 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5501.84	journal	January 2001
Magnetic Reconnection in Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas Zweibel, Ellen G.; Yamada, Masaaki Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 47, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101726	journal	September 2009
Hot Accretion Flows Around Black Holes Yuan, Feng; Narayan, Ramesh Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 52, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-141003	journal	August 2014
The Origin of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays Hillas, A. M. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.22.090184.002233	journal	September 1984
The Supernova–Gamma-Ray Burst Connection Woosley, S. E.; Bloom, J. S. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.43.072103.150558	journal	September 2006
X-Ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries Remillard, Ronald A.; McClintock, Jeffrey E. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092532	journal	September 2006
Spectropolarimetry of Supernovae Wang, Lifan; Wheeler, J. Craig Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 46, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145139	journal	September 2008
Understanding the dynamics and energetics of magnetic reconnection in a laboratory plasma: Review of recent progress on selected fronts Yamada, M.; Yoo, J.; Myers, C. E. Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States) https://doi.org/10.11578/1366742	dataset	January 2016
Evidence for Helical Magnetic Fields Associated with AGN Jets and the Action of a Cosmic Battery Gabuzda, Denise Galaxies, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies7010005	journal	December 2018
An Introduction to Particle Acceleration in Shearing Flows Rieger, Frank Galaxies, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies7030078	journal	September 2019
Compact Galactic Planetary Nebulae: an Hst/Wfc3 Morphological Catalog, and a Study of Their role in the Galaxy Stanghellini, Letizia; Shaw, Richard A.; Villaver, Eva The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 830, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/830/1/33	journal	October 2016
Three-dimensional Magnetohydrodynamical Simulations of the Morphology of Head–Tail Radio Galaxies Based on the Magnetic Tower Jet Model Gan, Zhaoming; Li, Hui; Li, Shengtai The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 839, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa647e	journal	April 2017
Global Evolution of an Accretion Disk with a Net Vertical Field: Coronal Accretion, Flux Transport, and Disk Winds Zhu, Zhaohuan; Stone, James M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 857, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaafc9	journal	April 2018
Related Progenitor Models for Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts and Type Ic Superluminous Supernovae Aguilera-Dena, David R.; Langer, Norbert; Moriya, Takashi J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aabfc1	journal	May 2018
Bihelical Spectrum of Solar Magnetic Helicity and Its Evolution Singh, Nishant K.; Käpylä, Maarit J.; Brandenburg, Axel The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad0f2	journal	August 2018
Investigation of Two Fermi -LAT Gamma-Ray Blazars Coincident with High-energy Neutrinos Detected by IceCube Garrappa, S.; Buson, S.; Franckowiak, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2ada	journal	July 2019
Space Velocity and Time Span of Jets in Planetary Nebulae A. Guerrero, Martín; Suzett Rechy-García, Jackeline; Ortiz, Roberto The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 890, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab61fa	journal	February 2020
Observations of Particle Acceleration in Magnetic Reconnection–driven Turbulence Ergun, R. E.; Ahmadi, N.; Kromyda, L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 898, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9ab6	journal	August 2020
Nonthermal Particle Acceleration in 3D Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in Pair Plasma Werner, Gregory R.; Uzdensky, Dmitri A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 843, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa7892	journal	July 2017
Mega-Gauss Plasma Jet Creation Using a Ring of Laser Beams Gao, L.; Liang, E.; Lu, Y. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab07bd	journal	March 2019

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