A giant virus infecting the amoeboflagellate Naegleria

Arthofer, Patrick; Panhölzl, Florian; Delafont, Vincent; Hay, Alban; Reipert, Siegfried; Cyran, Norbert; Wienkoop, Stefanie; Willemsen, Anouk; Sifaoui, Ines; Arberas-Jiménez, Iñigo; Schulz, Frederik; Lorenzo-Morales, Jacob; Horn, Matthias

doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47308-2

Title: A giant virus infecting the amoeboflagellate Naegleria

Journal Article · 24 April 2024 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47308-2 · OSTI ID:2407306

^[1]; Panhölzl, Florian ^[1];

^[2];

^[2]; Reipert, Siegfried ^[1]; Cyran, Norbert ^[1]; Wienkoop, Stefanie ^[1];

^[1]; Sifaoui, Ines ^[3]; Arberas-Jiménez, Iñigo ^[4];

^[5]; Lorenzo-Morales, Jacob ^[3];

^[1]

Univ. of Vienna (Austria)
University of Poitiers (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Mixed Organizations (CNRS-UMR) (France)
University of La Laguna (Spain); Univ. Carlos III de Madrid (Spain)
University of La Laguna (Spain)
USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Giant viruses (Nucleocytoviricota) are significant lethality agents of various eukaryotic hosts. Although metagenomics indicates their ubiquitous distribution, available giant virus isolates are restricted to a very small number of protist and algal hosts. Here we report on the first viral isolate that replicates in the amoeboflagellate Naegleria. This genus comprises the notorious human pathogen Naegleria fowleri, the causative agent of the rare but fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. We have elucidated the structure and infection cycle of this giant virus, Catovirus naegleriensis (a.k.a. Naegleriavirus, NiV), and show its unique adaptations to its Naegleria host using fluorescence in situ hybridization, electron microscopy, genomics, and proteomics. Naegleriavirus is only the fourth isolate of the highly diverse subfamily Klosneuvirinae, and like its relatives the NiV genome contains a large number of translation genes, but lacks transfer RNAs (tRNAs). NiV has acquired genes from its Naegleria host, which code for heat shock proteins and apoptosis inhibiting factors, presumably for host interactions. Notably, NiV infection was lethal to all Naegleria species tested, including the human pathogen N. fowleri. This study expands our experimental framework for investigating giant viruses and may help to better understand the basic biology of the human pathogen N. fowleri.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2407306

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 15; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: A giant virus infecting the amoeboflagellate Naegleria

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