DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Facile Access to Organostibines via Selective Organic Superbase Catalyzed Antimony‐Carbon Protonolysis

Journal Article · · Angewandte Chemie

Abstract The selective formation of antimony‐carbon bonds via organic superbase catalysis under metal‐ and salt‐free conditions is reported. This novel approach utilizes electron‐deficient stibine, Sb(C 6 F 5 ) 3 , to give upon base‐catalyzed reactions with weakly acidic aromatic and heteroaromatic hydrocarbons access to a range of new aromatic and heteroaromatic stibines, respectively, with loss of C 6 HF 5 . Also, the significantly less electron‐deficient stibines, Ph 2 SbC 6 F 5 and PhSb(C 6 F 5 ) 2 smoothly underwent base‐catalyzed exchange reactions with a range of terminal alkynes to generate the stibines of formulae PhSb(C≡CPh) 2 , and Ph 2 SbC≡CR [R=C 6 H 5 , C 6 H 4 ‐NO 2 , COOEt, CH 2 Cl, CH 2 NEt 2 , CH 2 OSiMe 3 , Sb(C 6 H 5 ) 2 ], respectively. These formal substitution reactions proceed with high selectivity as only the C 6 F 5 groups serve as a leaving group to be liberated as C 6 HF 5 upon formal proton transfer from the alkyne. Kinetic studies of the base‐catalyzed reaction of Ph 2 SbC 6 F 5 with phenyl acetylene to form Ph 2 SbC≡CPh and C 6 HF 5 suggested the empirical rate law to exhibit a first‐order dependence with respect to the base catalyst, alkyne and stibine. DFT calculations support a pathway proceeding via a concerted σ‐bond metathesis transition state, where the base catalyst activates the Sb‐C 6 F 5 bond sequence through secondary bond interactions.

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
NONE; SC0019094
OSTI ID:
2407133
Journal Information:
Angewandte Chemie, Journal Name: Angewandte Chemie Journal Issue: 32 Vol. 136; ISSN 0044-8249
Publisher:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English

References (100)

Click Chemistry: Diverse Chemical Function from a Few Good Reactions journal June 2001
Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methylamines under Metal-Free Conditions journal September 2014
Squeezing Fluoride out of Water with a Neutral Bidentate Antimony(V) Lewis Acid journal November 2014
Fluoride Anion Complexation by a Triptycene‐Based Distiborane: Taking Advantage of a Weak but Observable C−H⋅⋅⋅F Interaction journal January 2017
Phosphine‐Catalyzed anti‐Carboboration of Alkynoates with 9‐BBN‐Based 1,1‐Diborylalkanes: Synthesis and Use of Multisubstituted γ‐Borylallylboranes journal February 2018
Catalysis with Pnictogen, Chalcogen, and Halogen Bonds journal March 2018
Digging the Sigma-Hole of Organoantimony Lewis Acids by Oxidation journal September 2018
An Antimony(V) Dication as a Z‐Type Ligand: Turning on Styrene Activation at Gold journal July 2019
Activating Pronucleophiles with High pKa Values: Chiral Organo‐Superbases journal February 2020
Nickel‐ and Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Organostibines with Organoboronic Acids journal December 2020
A Bidentate Antimony Pnictogen Bonding Host System journal October 2023
Novel, Very Strong, Uncharged Auxiliary Bases; Design and Synthesis of Monomeric and Polymer‐Bound Triaminoiminophosphorane Bases of Broadly Varied Steric Demand journal December 1994
Molecular Single-Bond Covalent Radii for Elements 1-118 journal January 2009
Promoting the Hydrosilylation of Benzaldehyde by Using a Dicationic Antimony-Based Lewis Acid: Evidence for the Double Electrophilic Activation of the Carbonyl Substrate journal March 2016
“Inverse” Frustrated Lewis Pairs: An Inverse FLP Approach to the Catalytic Metal Free Hydrogenation of Ketones journal October 2018
Pnictogen‐Bonding Catalysis: An Interactive Tool to Uncover Unorthodox Mechanisms in Polyether Cascade Cyclizations journal October 2020
Organic Superbases in Recent Synthetic Methodology Research journal January 2021
Anion Recognition with Antimony(III) and Bismuth(III) Triaryl‐Based Pnictogen Bonding Receptors journal October 2022
Synthesis of Fully Functionalized 5‐Selanyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles: Copper‐Catalysed Three‐Component Reaction of Ethynylstibanes, Organic Azides, and Diaryl Diselenides journal January 2018
Metallacyclopentadienes and related heterocycles via 1,1‐organoboration of alkyn‐1‐ylmetal compounds journal January 2006
The ORCA program system: The ORCA program system journal June 2011
1,1-organoboration of alkynylsilicon, -germanium, -tin and -lead compounds journal November 1995
Organoantimony compounds with element—element bonds journal July 1997
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between 1-alkynylstibines and acyl chlorides journal May 2000
Secondary Bonding to Nonmetallic Elements book January 1972
Synthesis, antitumor activity, and cytotoxicity of 4-substituted 1-benzyl-5-diphenylstibano-1H-1,2,3-triazoles journal January 2018
Heavy Pnictogenium Cations as Transmembrane Anion Transporters in Vesicles and Erythrocytes journal August 2019
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of ethynylstibanes with organic halides journal June 2005
Hypervalent organoantimony compounds 12-ethynyl-tetrahydrodibenz[c,f][1,5]azastibocines: Highly efficient new transmetallating agent for organic halides journal June 2006
Synthesis and structure of an air-stable organoantimony complex and its use as a catalyst for direct diastereoselective Mannich reactions in water journal May 2010
Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 5-stibano-1,2,3-triazoles with bromoalkynes under aerobic conditions: Synthesis of 5-alkynyl-1,2,3-triazoles journal September 2018
Pd-catalyzed oxidative Heck-type arylation of vinyl ketones, alkenes, and acrylates with Sb-aryl-tetrahydrodibenz[c,f][1,5]azastibocines journal December 2020
Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling of chlorostibine with terminal alkynes to give Sb-alkynyl stibines and products transformation journal August 2022
Synthesis of an antimony rhodamine analog journal January 2022
What are the pKa values of C–H bonds in aromatic heterocyclic compounds in DMSO? journal February 2007
Remarkable reactivity enhancement with Sb⋯N inter-coordination of ethynyl-1,5-azastibocines in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with organic halides journal November 2003
An organoantimony complex with intramolecular N → Sb coordination as effective and recyclable catalyst for the allylation of aldehydes with tetraallyltin journal June 2017
Design of Novel Uncharged Organic Superbases: Merging Basicity and Functionality journal July 2021
Systematic Study of Pnictogen-Fused Heterofluorenes journal May 2022
Interactions of Verkade’s Superbase with Strong Lewis Acids: From Labile Mono- and Binuclear Lewis Acid–Base Complexes to Phosphenium Cations journal August 2017
Nudged Elastic Band Method for Molecular Reactions Using Energy-Weighted Springs Combined with Eigenvector Following journal July 2021
1-Pyrenyl- and 3-Perylenyl-antimony(V) Derivatives for the Fluorescence Turn-On Sensing of Fluoride Ions in Water at Sub-ppm Concentrations journal May 2016
5-Stibaindoles as Lewis Acidic, π-Conjugated, Fluoride Anion Responsive Platforms journal May 2017
A Lewis Acidic, π-Conjugated Stibaindole with a Colorimetric Response to Anion Binding at Sb(III) journal August 2017
OFF–ON Fluorescence Sensing of Fluoride by Donor–Antimony(V) Lewis Acids journal December 2017
Synthesis, Properties, and Complex Formation of Antimony- and Bismuth-Bridged Bipyridyls journal March 2019
Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Organostibines with Styrenes to Give Unsymmetric (E)-Stilbenes and (1E,3E)-1,4-Diarylbuta-1,3-dienes and Fluorescence Properties of the Products journal June 2021
Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Sb-Aryl Stibines with Halogenomethyl Arenes to Give Unsymmetirc Diarylmethanes journal April 2022
Base-Promoted Reactions of Organostibines with Alkynes and Organic Halides to Give Chalcogenated (Z)-Olefins and Ethers journal August 2022
Nickel-Catalyzed C(sp3)–Sb Coupling of Chlorostibines with Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Products journal December 2023
Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Boron and Antimony Nucleophiles via Palladium(I) journal September 2018
Organic Superbase t -Bu-P4 Catalyzes Amination of Methoxy(hetero)arenes journal July 2019
Nickel- and Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Stibines with Organic Halides: Site-Selective Sequential Reactions with Polyhalogenated Arenes journal December 2021
Organosuperbase-Catalyzed 1,1-Diboration of Alkynes journal September 2022
Polymeric Membrane Fluoride-Selective Electrodes Using Lewis Acidic Organo-Antimony(V) Compounds as Ionophores journal October 2020
Structural chemistry of donor-acceptor interactions journal August 1968
Equilibrium acidities of carbon acids. VI. Establishment of an absolute scale of acidities in dimethyl sulfoxide solution journal November 1975
A New Strategy for Deprotonative Functionalization of Aromatics:  Transformations with Excellent Chemoselectivity and Unique Regioselectivities Using t-Bu-P4 Base journal June 2003
Facile Heterolytic Cleavage of Dihydrogen by Phosphines and Boranes journal February 2007
Stibonium Ions for the Fluorescence Turn-On Sensing of F in Drinking Water at Parts per Million Concentrations journal September 2012
A Zwitterionic Carbanion Frustrated by Boranes – Dihydrogen Cleavage with Weak Lewis Acids via an “Inverse” Frustrated Lewis Pair Approach journal October 2013
[Sb(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ]: An Air Stable, Lewis Acidic Stibonium Salt That Activates Strong Element-Fluorine Bonds journal June 2014
Solution and Solid-State Photoreductive Elimination of Chlorine by Irradiation of a [PtSb] VII Complex journal July 2014
Phosphine-Catalyzed Anti-Carboboration of Alkynoates with Alkyl-, Alkenyl-, and Arylboranes journal July 2014
Direct Conversion of N-Alkylamines to N-Propargylamines through C–H Activation Promoted by Lewis Acid/Organocopper Catalysis: Application to Late-Stage Functionalization of Bioactive Molecules journal August 2020
Asymmetric Pnictogen-Bonding Catalysis: Transfer Hydrogenation by a Chiral Antimony(V) Cation/Anion Pair journal April 2021
Four-Electron Reduction of O2 Using Distibines in the Presence of ortho-Quinones journal June 2023
Activation of a Hydroamination Gold Catalyst by Oxidation of a Redox-Noninnocent Chlorostibine Z-Ligand journal October 2015
“Inverse” Frustrated Lewis Pairs – Activation of Dihydrogen with Organosuperbases and Moderate to Weak Lewis Acids journal March 2016
Unmasking the Catalytic Activity of a Platinum Complex with a Lewis Acidic, Non-innocent Antimony Ligand journal May 2017
Superbase-Catalyzed anti-Markovnikov Alcohol Addition Reactions to Aryl Alkenes journal February 2018
Modulating the σ-Accepting Properties of an Antimony Z-type Ligand via Anion Abstraction: Remote-Controlled Reactivity of the Coordinated Platinum Atom journal July 2018
Anion Transport with Pnictogen Bonds in Direct Comparison with Chalcogen and Halogen Bonds journal January 2019
Peptidotriazoles on Solid Phase  [1,2,3]-Triazoles by Regiospecific Copper(I)-Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Terminal Alkynes to Azides journal May 2002
Consistent van der Waals Radii for the Whole Main Group journal May 2009
One-Pot Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Aryl Iodides with Stannylarsanes and Stannylstibanes journal July 2003
σ-Bond Metathesis: A 30-Year Retrospective journal September 2013
Organoheteroatom Stannanes in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions with 1-Naphthyl Triflate journal January 2009
1,1-Carboboration journal January 2012
Intramolecular 1,1-carboboration versus intermolecular FLP addition in reactions of boranes and bis(phenylethynyl)telluroether journal January 2015
1,1-Carboboration to tellurium–boron intramolecular frustrated Lewis pairs journal January 2015
Lewis acidic stiborafluorenes for the fluorescence turn-on sensing of fluoride in drinking water at ppm concentrations journal January 2014
Anion sensing with a Lewis acidic BODIPY-antimony(v) derivative journal January 2017
Antimony(v) catalyzed acetalisation of aldehydes: an efficient, solvent-free, and recyclable process journal January 2017
Aromaticity of unsaturated BEC4 heterocycles (E = N, P, As, Sb, O, S, Se, Te) journal January 2019
Establishing the correlation between catalytic performance and N→Sb donor–acceptor interaction: systematic assessment of azastibocine halide derivatives as water tolerant Lewis acids journal January 2019
Phosphonium–stibonium and bis-stibonium cations as pnictogen-bonding catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of quinolines journal January 2019
Pnictogen-bonding catalysis: brevetoxin-type polyether cyclizations journal January 2020
Redox-controlled chalcogen and pnictogen bonding: the case of a sulfonium/stibonium dication as a preanionophore for chloride anion transport journal January 2020
Crystallographic evidence for a continuum and reversal of roles in primary–secondary interactions in antimony Lewis acids: applications in carbonyl activation journal January 2022
Poly-pnictogen bonding: trapping halide ions by a tetradentate antimony(iii) Lewis acid journal January 2023
Balanced basis sets of split valence, triple zeta valence and quadruple zeta valence quality for H to Rn: Design and assessment of accuracy journal January 2005
Rapid intramolecular heterolytic dihydrogen activation by a four-membered heterocyclic phosphane–borane adduct journal January 2007
The ORCA quantum chemistry program package journal June 2020
Reversible, Metal-Free Hydrogen Activation journal November 2006
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Dithienostiboles journal September 2012
Carbonylative Cross-Coupling Reaction of Ethynylstibane with Aryl Iodides journal January 2006
Röntgenstrukturuntersuclmngen der Tri-phenyläthinyl-Verbindungen des Phosphors, Arsens und Antimons journal August 1962
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Optical Properties of Benzene-Fused Tetracyclic and Pentacyclic Stiboles journal January 2021
Triphenylborane in Metal-Free Catalysis journal January 2023