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Title: What Matters for the Charge Transport of 2D Perovskites?

Journal Article · · Advanced Materials
 [1];  [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
  2. Institute for Materials Discovery University College London London WC1E 7JE UK
  3. Chemistry and Nanoscience Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO 80401 USA

Abstract Compared to 3D perovskites, 2D perovskites exhibit excellent stability, structural diversity, and tunable bandgaps, making them highly promising for applications in solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, and photodetectors. However, the trade‐off for worse charge transport is a critical issue that needs to be addressed. This comprehensive review first discusses the structure of 3D and 2D metal halide perovskites, then summarizes the significant factors influencing charge transport in detail and provides a brief overview of the testing methods. Subsequently, various strategies to improve the charge transport are presented, including tuning A′‐site organic spacer cations, A‐site cations, B‐site metal cations, and X‐site halide ions. Finally, an outlook on the future development of improving the 2D perovskites’ charge transport is discussed.

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0020718; AC36-08GO28308
OSTI ID:
2373246
Journal Information:
Advanced Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Materials; ISSN 0935-9648
Publisher:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English

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Exploration of Crystallization Kinetics in Quasi Two-Dimensional Perovskite and High Performance Solar Cells journal December 2017
Synthetic Control over Quantum Well Width Distribution and Carrier Migration in Low-Dimensional Perovskite Photovoltaics journal February 2018
Guanidinium-Formamidinium Lead Iodide: A Layered Perovskite-Related Compound with Red Luminescence at Room Temperature journal February 2018
Hybrid Dion–Jacobson 2D Lead Iodide Perovskites journal February 2018
Layered Halide Double Perovskites: Dimensional Reduction of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 journal March 2018
Enhanced Out-of-Plane Conductivity and Photovoltaic Performance in n = 1 Layered Perovskites through Organic Cation Design journal May 2018
Two-Dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite with Nanorod-like Morphology for Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 15% journal August 2018
Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites Incorporating Straight Chain Symmetric Diammonium Ions, (NH 3 C m H 2 m NH 3 )(CH 3 NH 3 ) n −1 Pb n I 3 n +1 ( m = 4–9; n = 1–4) journal August 2018
Enhanced Charge Transport in 2D Perovskites via Fluorination of Organic Cation journal March 2019
Uniaxial Expansion of the 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Family for Improved Environmental Stability journal March 2019
Direct-Bandgap 2D Silver–Bismuth Iodide Double Perovskite: The Structure-Directing Influence of an Oligothiophene Spacer Cation journal April 2019
Harnessing Dielectric Confinement on Tin Perovskites to Achieve Emission Quantum Yield up to 21% journal May 2019
Photochemically Cross-Linked Quantum Well Ligands for 2D/3D Perovskite Photovoltaics with Improved Photovoltage and Stability journal August 2019
Two-Dimensional Dion–Jacobson Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites with Aromatic Diammonium Cations journal July 2019
Ferroelectricity and Rashba Effect in a Two-Dimensional Dion-Jacobson Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite journal September 2019
Control of Crystal Symmetry Breaking with Halogen-Substituted Benzylammonium in Layered Hybrid Metal-Halide Perovskites journal February 2020
Cation Engineering in Two-Dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper Lead Iodide Perovskites with Mixed Large A-Site Cations in the Cages journal February 2020
Atomistic Origins of High-Performance in Hybrid Halide Perovskite Solar Cells journal April 2014
Compositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells journal January 2015
High-efficiency two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite solar cells journal July 2016
One-Year stable perovskite solar cells by 2D/3D interface engineering journal June 2017
High-quality bulk hybrid perovskite single crystals within minutes by inverse temperature crystallization journal July 2015
Perovskite light-emitting diodes based on solution-processed self-organized multiple quantum wells journal September 2016
Scaling law for excitons in 2D perovskite quantum wells journal June 2018
Self-trapped state enabled filterless narrowband photodetections in 2D layered perovskite single crystals journal February 2019
Efficient lateral-structure perovskite single crystal solar cells with high operational stability journal January 2020
Reduced-dimensional perovskite photovoltaics with homogeneous energy landscape journal April 2020
Overcoming the exciton binding energy in two-dimensional perovskite nanoplatelets by attachment of conjugated organic chromophores journal April 2020
Space-charge-limited electron and hole currents in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites journal August 2020
Conformational disorder of organic cations tunes the charge carrier mobility in two-dimensional organic-inorganic perovskites journal October 2020
Rashba splitting in organic–inorganic lead–halide perovskites revealed through two-photon absorption spectroscopy journal January 2022
A charge transfer framework that describes supramolecular interactions governing structure and properties of 2D perovskites journal July 2022
Operando dynamics of trapped carriers in perovskite solar cells observed via infrared optical activation spectroscopy journal December 2023
Anisotropic carrier dynamics and laser-fabricated luminescent patterns on oriented single-crystal perovskite wafers journal January 2024
Molecular engineering of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites quantum wells journal November 2019
Tunable exciton binding energy in 2D hybrid layered perovskites through donor–acceptor interactions within the organic layer journal July 2020
Carrier control in Sn–Pb perovskites via 2D cation engineering for all-perovskite tandem solar cells with improved efficiency and stability journal June 2022
Enhancing the efficiency and longevity of inverted perovskite solar cells with antimony-doped tin oxides journal January 2024
Intermediate-phase engineering via dimethylammonium cation additive for stable perovskite solar cells journal December 2022
Charge transport in mixed metal halide perovskite semiconductors journal January 2023
Light-activated interlayer contraction in two-dimensional perovskites for high-efficiency solar cells journal November 2021
Triplet management for efficient perovskite light-emitting diodes journal November 2019
Efficient and stable Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite solar cell with tailored interlayer molecular interaction journal January 2020
Dimensional tailoring of hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics journal November 2018
Stable room-temperature continuous-wave lasing in quasi-2D perovskite films journal September 2020
All-perovskite tandem solar cells with improved grain surface passivation journal January 2022
Ultra-bright, efficient and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes journal November 2022
Self-powered perovskite photon-counting detectors journal April 2023
Pinhole-free 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite layer with close packed large crystalline grains, suitable for optoelectronic applications journal May 2023
Extremely reduced dielectric confinement in two-dimensional hybrid perovskites with large polar organics journal November 2018
(C 4 H 3 SCH 2 NH 3 ) 2 (CH 3 NH 3 )Pb 2 I 7 : non-centrosymmetrical crystal structure of a bilayer hybrid perovskite journal January 2002
Effect of heteroatoms in the inorganic–organic layered perovskite-type hybrids [(ZC n H 2n NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 ], n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; Z = OH, Br and I; and [(H 3 NC 2 H 4 S 2 C 2 H 4 NH 3 )PbI 4 ] journal January 2010
Synthesis, characterization and phase transitions of the inorganic–organic layered perovskite-type hybrids [(C n H 2n+1 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 ], n = 7, 8, 9 and 10 journal January 2012
Quantum confinement and dielectric profiles of colloidal nanoplatelets of halide inorganic and hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites journal January 2016
On the application of the tolerance factor to inorganic and hybrid halide perovskites: a revised system journal January 2016
Decreasing the electronic confinement in layered perovskites through intercalation journal January 2017
Layered 2D alkyldiammonium lead iodide perovskites: synthesis, characterization, and use in solar cells journal January 2016
Formamidine and cesium-based quasi-two-dimensional perovskites as photovoltaic absorbers journal January 2017
Defects in metal triiodide perovskite materials towards high-performance solar cells: origin, impact, characterization, and engineering journal January 2018
Reversible solid-state thermochromism of a 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite structure based on iodoplumbate and 2-aminomethyl-pyridine journal January 2017
High efficiency quasi 2D lead bromide perovskite solar cells using various barrier molecules journal January 2017
Towards 2D layered hybrid perovskites with enhanced functionality: introducing charge-transfer complexes via self-assembly journal January 2019
Vapor-fumigation for record efficiency two-dimensional perovskite solar cells with superior stability journal January 2018
Layer-dependent transport and optoelectronic property in two-dimensional perovskite: (PEA) 2 PbI 4 journal January 2018
Melting temperature suppression of layered hybrid lead halide perovskites via organic ammonium cation branching journal January 2019
Multi-layered hybrid perovskites templated with carbazole derivatives: optical properties, enhanced moisture stability and solar cell characteristics journal January 2018
Stability progress of perovskite solar cells dependent on the crystalline structure: From 3D ABX 3 to 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite absorbers journal January 2019
Searching for stability at lower dimensions: current trends and future prospects of layered perovskite solar cells journal January 2019
Advances in two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites journal January 2020
Controlling layered Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites via solvent additives journal January 2020
A two-dimensional bilayered Dion–Jacobson-type perovskite hybrid with a narrow bandgap for broadband photodetection journal January 2020
Unique characteristics of 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (2DRP) perovskite for future photovoltaic application journal January 2019
Detection range extended 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite photodetectors journal January 2020
Room-temperature synthesis, growth mechanisms and opto-electronic properties of organic–inorganic halide perovskite CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I, Br, and Cl) single crystals journal January 2021
Temperature-responsive emission and elastic properties of a new 2D lead halide perovskite journal January 2021
Exciton-band tuning induced by the width of the cation in 2D lead iodide perovskite hybrids journal January 2020
Long periodic ripple in a 2D hybrid halide perovskite structure using branched organic spacers journal January 2020
Asymmetric alkyl diamine based Dion–Jacobson low-dimensional perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 15% journal January 2020
Charge carrier dynamics in two-dimensional hybrid perovskites: Dion–Jacobson vs. Ruddlesden–Popper phases journal January 2020
A selenophene-containing conjugated organic ligand for two-dimensional halide perovskites journal January 2021
A finely regulated quantum well structure in quasi-2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 20% journal January 2022
Overcoming the carrier transport limitation in Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite films by using lamellar nickel oxide substrates journal January 2021
Enhancing the efficiency and stability of two-dimensional Dion–Jacobson perovskite solar cells using a fluorinated diammonium spacer journal January 2021
Enhancing two-dimensional perovskite photodetector performance through balancing carrier density and directional transport journal January 2022
Synthesis and crystal structure of new organic-based layered perovskites with 2,2′-biimidazolium cations journal January 2001
(HO2C(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)Pb2I7: a predicted non-centrosymmetrical structure built up from carboxylic acid supramolecular synthons and bilayer perovskite sheets journal January 2005
Synthesis, characterization and phase transitions of the inorganic–organic layered perovskite-type hybrids [(CnH2n+1NH3)2PbI4] (n = 12, 14, 16 and 18) journal January 2008
Inorganic–organic hybrid materials incorporating primary cyclic ammonium cations: The lead bromide and chloride series journal January 2009
Lead halide inorganic–organic hybrids incorporating diammonium cations journal January 2012
Comparative study of the exciton binding energies of thin and ultrathin organic-inorganic perovskites due to dielectric mismatch effects journal July 2017
Theory of Nonlinear Excitonic Response of Hybrid Organic Perovskites in the Regime of Strong Light-Matter Coupling journal April 2022
Dielectric confinement effect on excitons in PbI 4 -based layered semiconductors journal March 1992
Excitons in self-organized semiconductor/insulator superlattices: PbI-based perovskite compounds journal May 1995
Excitons in ultrathin organic-inorganic perovskite crystals journal July 2015
Two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper halide perovskite solar absorbers with short-chain interlayer spacers journal June 2022
Poly[bis[2-(1-cyclohexenyl)ethylammonium] di-μ-iodo-diodoplumbate(II)] journal June 2006
Synthesis, characterization and phase transitions in the inorganic–organic layered perovskite-type hybrids [(C n H 2 n  + 1 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 ], n = 4, 5 and 6 journal September 2007
Formability of ABX 3 ( X = F, Cl, Br, I) halide perovskites journal November 2008
New compounds of the K 2 NIF 4 type journal August 1957
The compound Sr 3 Ti 2 O 7 and its structure journal January 1958
Bis(1-phenylethylammonium) tetraiodoplumbate(II) journal October 2002
Poly[1,4-bis(ammoniomethyl)cyclohexane [di-μ-iodido-diiodidoplumbate(II)]] journal May 2010
Dielectric properties of hybrid perovskites and drift-diffusion modeling of perovskite cells conference March 2016
Giant Rashba splitting in 2D organic-inorganic halide perovskites measured by transient spectroscopies journal July 2017
A general approach for hysteresis-free, operationally stable metal halide perovskite field-effect transistors journal April 2020
Retina-inspired narrowband perovskite sensor array for panchromatic imaging journal April 2023
Self-assembled monolayer–based blue perovskite LEDs journal September 2023
Quasi-2D Dion-Jacobson phase perovskites as a promising material platform for stable and high-performance lasers journal October 2023
Long-Range Balanced Electron- and Hole-Transport Lengths in Organic-Inorganic CH3NH3PbI3 journal October 2013
Electron-Hole Diffusion Lengths Exceeding 1 Micrometer in an Organometal Trihalide Perovskite Absorber journal October 2013
Impact of microstructure on local carrier lifetime in perovskite solar cells journal April 2015
Incorporation of rubidium cations into perovskite solar cells improves photovoltaic performance journal September 2016
Promises and challenges of perovskite solar cells journal November 2017
Challenges for commercializing perovskite solar cells journal September 2018
Carrier lifetimes of >1 μs in Sn-Pb perovskites enable efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells journal April 2019
Stabilizing heterostructures of soft perovskite semiconductors journal August 2019
Metastable Dion-Jacobson 2D structure enables efficient and stable perovskite solar cells journal January 2022
Interface passivation for 31.25%-efficient perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells journal July 2023
Bimolecularly passivated interface enables efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells journal November 2023
Acetamidinium-Methylammonium-Based Layered Hybrid Halide Perovskite [CH3C(NH2)2][CH3NH3]PbI4: Synthesis, Structure, and Optical Properties journal July 2022
In Situ X-Ray Observation on the Intercalation of Weak Interaction Molecules into Perovskite-Type Layered Crystals (C 9 H 19 NH 3 ) 2 PbI 4 and (C 10 H 21 NH 3 ) 2 CdCl 4 journal February 1986
Hole Doping of Tin Bromide and Lead Bromide Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Semiconductors journal October 2014

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