Top-down mass spectrometry of native proteoforms and their complexes: a community study

Habeck, Tanja; Brown, Kyle A.; Des Soye, Benjamin; Lantz, Carter; Zhou, Mowei; Alam, Novera; Hossain, Md Amin; Jung, Wonhyeuk; Keener, James E.; Volny, Michael; Wilson, Jesse W.; Ying, Yujia; Agar, Jeffrey N.; Danis, Paul O.; Ge, Ying; Kelleher, Neil L.; Li, Huilin; Loo, Joseph A.; Marty, Michael T.; Paša-Tolić, Ljiljana; Sandoval, Wendy; Lermyte, Frederik

doi:10.1038/s41592-024-02279-6

Title: Top-down mass spectrometry of native proteoforms and their complexes: a community study

Journal Article · 13 May 2024 · Nature Methods

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-024-02279-6 · OSTI ID:2370126

^[1];

^[2]; Des Soye, Benjamin ^[3]; Lantz, Carter ^[4];

^[5]; Alam, Novera ^[6]; Hossain, Md Amin ^[6]; Jung, Wonhyeuk ^[4]; Keener, James E. ^[7];

^[8]; Wilson, Jesse W. ^[9]; Ying, Yujia ^[10];

^[11]; Danis, Paul O. ^[12];

^[13];

^[14]; Li, Huilin ^[10];

^[15];

^[7];

^[16] more »

Technische Univ. Darmstadt (Germany)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Zhejiang Univ. (China)
Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States)
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Genentech, San Francisco, CA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sun Yat-Sen Univ., Guangzhou (China)
Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States); Consortium for Top-Down Proteomics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Consortium for Top-Down Proteomics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Consortium for Top-Down Proteomics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States); Consortium for Top-Down Proteomics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Consortium for Top-Down Proteomics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Consortium for Top-Down Proteomics, Cambridge, MA (United States)

The combination of native electrospray ionization with top-down fragmentation in mass spectrometry (MS) allows simultaneous determination of the stoichiometry of noncovalent complexes and identification of their component proteoforms and cofactors. Although this approach is powerful, both native MS and top-down MS are not yet well standardized, and only a limited number of laboratories regularly carry out this type of research. Further, to address this challenge, the Consortium for Top-Down Proteomics initiated a study to develop and test protocols for native MS combined with top-down fragmentation of proteins and protein complexes across 11 instruments in nine laboratories. Here we report the summary of the outcomes to provide robust benchmarks and a valuable entry point for the scientific community.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; FC02-02ER63421

OSTI ID:: 2370126

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--189941; {"","Journal ID: ISSN 1548-7091"}

Journal Information:: Nature Methods, Journal Name: Nature Methods Vol. 21; ISSN 1548-7091

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (71)

Top-Down Proteomics: Ready for Prime Time? Chen, Bifan; Brown, Kyle A.; Lin, Ziqing Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 90, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04747	journal	November 2017
Computational Strategies and Challenges for Using Native Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry in Biophysics and Structural Biology Allison, Timothy M.; Barran, Perdita; Cianférani, Sarah Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 92, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05791	journal	July 2020
A Universal Score for Deconvolution of Intact Protein and Native Electrospray Mass Spectra Marty, Michael T. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 92, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05272	journal	February 2020
Isotopic Resolution of Protein Complexes up to 466 kDa Using Individual Ion Mass Spectrometry McGee, John P.; Melani, Rafael D.; Yip, Ping F. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 93, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03282	journal	December 2020
Voltage Rollercoaster Filtering of Low-Mass Contaminants During Native Protein Analysis McGee, John P.; Melani, Rafael D.; Goodwin, Michael Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 31, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/jasms.9b00037	journal	February 2020
Informed-Proteomics: open-source software package for top-down proteomics Park, Jungkap; Piehowski, Paul D.; Wilkins, Christopher Nature Methods, Vol. 14, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4388	journal	August 2017
Protein–Small Molecule Interactions in Native Mass Spectrometry Bennett, Jack L.; Nguyen, Giang T. H.; Donald, William A. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 122, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00293	journal	August 2021
Detergent Release Prolongs the Lifetime of Native-like Membrane Protein Conformations in the Gas-Phase Borysik, Antoni J.; Hewitt, Dominic J.; Robinson, Carol V. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 135, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja401736v	journal	April 2013
MetaUniDec: High-Throughput Deconvolution of Native Mass Spectra Reid, Deseree J.; Diesing, Jessica M.; Miller, Matthew A. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 30, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-018-1951-9	journal	April 2018
Standard Proteoforms and Their Complexes for Native Mass Spectrometry Schachner, Luis F.; Ives, Ashley N.; McGee, John P. Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 30, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-019-02191-w	journal	April 2019
Proteoform: a single term describing protein complexity Smith, Lloyd M.; Kelleher, Neil L. Nature Methods, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2369	journal	February 2013
ProSight PTM 2.0: improved protein identification and characterization for top down mass spectrometry Zamdborg, L.; LeDuc, R. D.; Glowacz, K. J. Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 35, Issue Web Server https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm371	journal	May 2007
Top-down proteomics: challenges, innovations, and applications in basic and clinical research Brown, Kyle A.; Melby, Jake A.; Roberts, David S. Expert Review of Proteomics, Vol. 17, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1080/14789450.2020.1855982	journal	October 2020
First Community-Wide, Comparative Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry Study Iacobucci, Claudio; Piotrowski, Christine; Aebersold, Ruedi Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 91, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00658	journal	May 2019
Characterizing Endogenous Protein Complexes with Biological Mass Spectrometry Rogawski, Rivkah; Sharon, Michal Chemical Reviews, Vol. 122, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00217	journal	August 2021
Multiplexed mass spectrometry of individual ions improves measurement of proteoforms and their complexes Kafader, Jared O.; Melani, Rafael D.; Durbin, Kenneth R. Nature Methods, Vol. 17, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-020-0764-5	journal	March 2020
High-fidelity mass analysis unveils heterogeneity in intact ribosomal particles van de Waterbeemd, Michiel; Fort, Kyle L.; Boll, Dmitriy Nature Methods, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4147	journal	January 2017
DeconMSn: a software tool for accurate parent ion monoisotopic mass determination for tandem mass spectra Mayampurath, A. M.; Jaitly, N.; Purvine, S. O. Bioinformatics, Vol. 24, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn063	journal	February 2008
Resolving heterogeneous macromolecular assemblies by Orbitrap-based single-particle charge detection mass spectrometry Wörner, Tobias P.; Snijder, Joost; Bennett, Antonette Nature Methods, Vol. 17, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-020-0770-7	journal	March 2020
MASH Explorer: A Universal Software Environment for Top-Down Proteomics Wu, Zhijie; Roberts, David S.; Melby, Jake A. Journal of Proteome Research, Vol. 19, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00469	journal	August 2020
Fragmentation pathways of protonated peptides Paizs, Béla; Suhai, Sándor Mass Spectrometry Reviews, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.20024	journal	January 2005
The Human Proteoform Project: Defining the human proteome Smith, Lloyd M.; Agar, Jeffrey N.; Chamot-Rooke, Julia Science Advances, Vol. 7, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abk0734	journal	November 2021
Individual Ion Mass Spectrometry Enhances the Sensitivity and Sequence Coverage of Top-Down Mass Spectrometry Kafader, Jared O.; Durbin, Kenneth R.; Melani, Rafael D. Journal of Proteome Research, Vol. 19, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00797	journal	February 2020
How many human proteoforms are there? Aebersold, Ruedi; Agar, Jeffrey N.; Amster, I. Jonathan Nature Chemical Biology, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.2576	journal	February 2018
Recommendations for reporting ion mobility Mass Spectrometry measurements Gabelica, Valérie; Shvartsburg, Alexandre A.; Afonso, Carlos Mass Spectrometry Reviews, Vol. 38, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.21585	journal	October 2017
MASH Native: a unified solution for native top-down proteomics data processing Larson, Eli J.; Pergande, Melissa R.; Moss, Michelle E. Bioinformatics, Vol. 39, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btad359	journal	June 2023
Proteoforms as the next proteomics currency Smith, Lloyd M.; Kelleher, Neil L. Science, Vol. 359, Issue 6380 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat1884	journal	March 2018
Interpreting raw biological mass spectra using isotopic mass-to-charge ratio and envelope fingerprinting: Interpreting raw biological mass spectra Li, Li; Tian, Zhixin Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 27, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6565	journal	May 2013
Combining native and ‘omics’ mass spectrometry to identify endogenous ligands bound to membrane proteins Gault, Joseph; Liko, Idlir; Landreh, Michael Nature Methods, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-020-0821-0	journal	May 2020
Charge-State Dependent Compaction and Dissociation of Protein Complexes: Insights from Ion Mobility and Molecular Dynamics Hall, Zoe; Politis, Argyris; Bush, Matthew F. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja2096859	journal	February 2012
MASH Suite: A User-Friendly and Versatile Software Interface for High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Data Interpretation and Visualization Guner, Huseyin; Close, Patrick L.; Cai, Wenxuan Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 25, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-013-0789-4	journal	January 2014
Mass spectrometry: From plasma proteins to mitochondrial membranes Robinson, Carol V. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820450116	journal	February 2019
A Tandem Mass Spectrometer for Improved Transmission and Analysis of Large Macromolecular Assemblies Sobott, Frank; Hernández, Helena; McCammon, Margaret G. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 74, Issue 6, p. 1402-1407 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0110552	journal	March 2002
Using 10,000 Fragment Ions to Inform Scoring in Native Top-down Proteomics Ives, Ashley N.; Su, Taojunfeng; Durbin, Kenneth R. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 31, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/jasms.0c00026	journal	May 2020
Native ion mobility-mass spectrometry and related methods in structural biology Konijnenberg, A.; Butterer, A.; Sobott, F. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics, Vol. 1834, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.11.013	journal	June 2013
Mapping Proteoforms and Protein Complexes From King Cobra Venom Using Both Denaturing and Native Top-down Proteomics Melani, Rafael D.; Skinner, Owen S.; Fornelli, Luca Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, Vol. 15, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M115.056523	journal	May 2016
Rapid online buffer exchange for screening of proteins, protein complexes and cell lysates by native mass spectrometry VanAernum, Zachary L.; Busch, Florian; Jones, Benjamin J. Nature Protocols, Vol. 15, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-019-0281-0	journal	January 2020
Profiling of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in Mouse Brain with High-Resolution Top-Down Mass Spectrometry Zhou, Mowei; Paša-Tolić, Ljiljana; Stenoien, David L. Journal of Proteome Research, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00694	journal	December 2016
Enhancing Top-Down Proteomics Data Analysis by Combining Deconvolution Results through a Machine Learning Strategy McIlwain, Sean J.; Wu, Zhijie; Wetzel, Molly Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 31, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/jasms.0c00035	journal	March 2020
Fragmentation of Integral Membrane Proteins in the Gas Phase Skinner, Owen S.; Catherman, Adam D.; Early, Bryan P. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 86, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac500864w	journal	April 2014
Native top-down mass spectrometry provides insights into the copper centers of membrane-bound methane monooxygenase Ro, Soo Y.; Schachner, Luis F.; Koo, Christopher W. Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10590-6	journal	June 2019
The PRIDE database resources in 2022: a hub for mass spectrometry-based proteomics evidences Perez-Riverol, Yasset; Bai, Jingwen; Bandla, Chakradhar Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 50, Issue D1 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab1038	journal	November 2021
Unraveling the Mechanism of Electrospray Ionization Konermann, Lars; Ahadi, Elias; Rodriguez, Antony D. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 85, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac302789c	journal	November 2012
Expanding the structural analysis capabilities on an Orbitrap-based mass spectrometer for large macromolecular complexes Fort, Kyle L.; van de Waterbeemd, Michiel; Boll, Dmitriy The Analyst, Vol. 143, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7AN01629H	journal	January 2018
High-Resolution Native Mass Spectrometry Tamara, Sem; den Boer, Maurits A.; Heck, Albert J. R. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 122, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00212	journal	August 2021
Higher-order structural characterisation of native proteins and complexes by top-down mass spectrometry Zhou, Mowei; Lantz, Carter; Brown, Kyle A. Chemical Science, Vol. 11, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SC04392C	journal	January 2020
Best practices and benchmarks for intact protein analysis for top-down mass spectrometry Donnelly, Daniel P.; Rawlins, Catherine M.; DeHart, Caroline J. Nature Methods, Vol. 16, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0457-0	journal	June 2019
The first pilot project of the consortium for top-down proteomics: A status report Dang, Xibei; Scotcher, Jenna; Wu, Si PROTEOMICS, Vol. 14, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201300438	journal	April 2014
Top or Middle? Up or Down? Toward a Standard Lexicon for Protein Top-Down and Allied Mass Spectrometry Approaches Lermyte, Frederik; Tsybin, Yury O.; O’Connor, Peter B. Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 30, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-019-02201-x	journal	May 2019
Bayesian Deconvolution of Mass and Ion Mobility Spectra: From Binary Interactions to Polydisperse Ensembles Marty, Michael T.; Baldwin, Andrew J.; Marklund, Erik G. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 87, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00140	journal	April 2015
Studying 18 MDa Virus Assemblies with Native Mass Spectrometry Snijder, Joost; Rose, Rebecca J.; Veesler, David Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 52, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201210197	journal	February 2013
On the Scalability and Requirements of Whole Protein Mass Spectrometry Compton, Philip D.; Zamdborg, Leonid; Thomas, Paul M. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 83, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac2010795	journal	September 2011
Top-down characterization of endogenous protein complexes with native proteomics Skinner, Owen S.; Haverland, Nicole A.; Fornelli, Luca Nature Chemical Biology, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.2515	journal	November 2017
ProForma: A Standard Proteoform Notation LeDuc, Richard D.; Schwämmle, Veit; Shortreed, Michael R. Journal of Proteome Research, Vol. 17, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00851	journal	February 2018
Recommendations for performing, interpreting and reporting hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) experiments Masson, Glenn R.; Burke, John E.; Ahn, Natalie G. Nature Methods, Vol. 16, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0459-y	journal	June 2019
Emergence of mass spectrometry detergents for membrane proteomics Behnke, Jan-Simon; Urner, Leonhard H. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 415, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04584-z	journal	February 2023
A five-level classification system for proteoform identifications Smith, Lloyd M.; Thomas, Paul M.; Shortreed, Michael R. Nature Methods, Vol. 16, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0573-x	journal	August 2019
Comparative Structural Analysis of 20S Proteasome Ortholog Protein Complexes by Native Mass Spectrometry Vimer, Shay; Ben-Nissan, Gili; Morgenstern, David ACS Central Science, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.0c00080	journal	April 2020
The Role of the Detergent Micelle in Preserving the Structure of Membrane Proteins in the Gas Phase Reading, Eamonn; Liko, Idlir; Allison, Timothy M. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 54, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201411622	journal	February 2015
Decoding the protein composition of whole nucleosomes with Nuc-MS Schachner, Luis F.; Jooß, Kevin; Morgan, Marc A. Nature Methods, Vol. 18, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-020-01052-9	journal	February 2021
Automated reduction and interpretation of Horn, David M.; Zubarev, Roman A.; McLafferty, Fred W. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1044-0305(99)00157-9	journal	April 2000
High-sensitivity Orbitrap mass analysis of intact macromolecular assemblies Rose, Rebecca J.; Damoc, Eugen; Denisov, Eduard Nature Methods, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2208	journal	October 2012
Software Requirements for the Analysis and Interpretation of Native Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Data Allison, Timothy M.; Barran, Perdita; Benesch, Justin L. P. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 92, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05792	journal	July 2020
Deconvolution and Database Search of Complex Tandem Mass Spectra of Intact Proteins: A COMBINATORIAL APPROACH Liu, Xiaowen; Inbar, Yuval; Dorrestein, Pieter C. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, Vol. 9, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M110.002766	journal	September 2010
Investigation of Charge-State-Dependent Compaction of Protein Ions with Native Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry and Theory Rolland, Amber D.; Biberic, Lejla S.; Prell, James S. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 33, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/jasms.1c00351	journal	January 2022
Interlaboratory Study for Characterizing Monoclonal Antibodies by Top-Down and Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry Srzentić, Kristina; Fornelli, Luca; Tsybin, Yury O. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 31, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/jasms.0c00036	journal	July 2020
Implementing Digital-Waveform Technology for Extended m/z Range Operation on a Native Dual-Quadrupole FT-IM-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer McCabe, Jacob W.; Jones, Benjamin J.; Walker, Thomas E. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 32, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/jasms.1c00245	journal	November 2021
Seeing the complete picture: proteins in top-down mass spectrometry Habeck, Tanja; Lermyte, Frederik Essays in Biochemistry, Vol. 67, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20220098	journal	March 2023
MASH Suite Pro: A Comprehensive Software Tool for Top-Down Proteomics Cai, Wenxuan; Guner, Huseyin; Gregorich, Zachery R. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.O115.054387	journal	November 2015
Native Top-Down Mass Spectrometry with Collisionally Activated Dissociation Yields Higher-Order Structure Information for Protein Complexes Lantz, Carter; Wei, Benqian; Zhao, Boyu Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 144, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c06726	journal	November 2022
Native Mass Spectrometry: What is in the Name? Leney, Aneika C.; Heck, Albert J. R. Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 28, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-016-1545-3	journal	December 2016

Similar Records

Native top-down mass spectrometry for the structural characterization of human hemoglobin

Journal Article · 2015 · European Journal of Mass Spectrometry · OSTI ID:1345518

Zhang, Jiang; Malmirchegini, G. Reza; Clubb, Robert T.; +1 more

Best practices and benchmarks for intact protein analysis for top-down mass spectrometry

Journal Article · 2019 · Nature Methods · OSTI ID:1567191

Donnelly, Daniel P.; Rawlins, Catherine M.; DeHart, Caroline J.; +25 more

Charge Movement and Structural Changes in the Gas-Phase Unfolding of Multimeric Protein Complexes Captured by Native Top-Down Mass Spectrometry

Journal Article · 2019 · Analytical Chemistry · OSTI ID:1597653

Zhou, Mowei; Liu, Weijing; Shaw, Jared B.

Title: Top-down mass spectrometry of native proteoforms and their complexes: a community study

Citation Formats

References (71)

Similar Records

Related Subjects