PROVABGS: The Probabilistic Stellar Mass Function of the BGS One-percent Survey

Hahn, ChangHoon; Aguilar, Jessica Nicole; Alam, Shadab; Ahlen, Steven; Brooks, David; Cole, Shaun; de la Macorra, Axel; Doel, Peter; Font-Ribera, Andreu A.; Forero-Romero, Jaime E.; Gontcho A Gontcho, Satya; Honscheid, Klaus; Huang, Song; Kisner, Theodore; Kremin, Anthony; Landriau, Martin; Manera, Marc; Meisner, Aaron; Miquel, Ramon; Moustakas, John; Nie, Jundan; Poppett, Claire; Rossi, Graziano; Saintonge, Amélie; Sanchez, Eusebio; Saulder, Christoph; Schubnell, Michael; Seo, Hee-Jong; Siudek, Małgorzata; Speranza, Federico; Tarlé, Gregory; Weaver, Benjamin A.; Wechsler, Risa H.; Yuan, Sihan; Zhou, Zhimin; Zou, Hu

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad19c8

Title: PROVABGS: The Probabilistic Stellar Mass Function of the BGS One-percent Survey

Journal Article · 28 February 2024 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad19c8 · OSTI ID:2356758

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Princeton University, NJ (United States); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai (India)
Boston University, MA (United States)
University College London (United Kingdom)
Durham University (United Kingdom)
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Mexico)
The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (Spain)
Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (United States)
Tsinghua University, Beijing (China)
NSF's NOIRLab, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Siena College, Loudonville, NY (United States)
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (China)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sejong University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)
CIEMAT, Madrid (Spain)
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Ohio University, Athens, OH (United States)
Institute of Space Sciences, Barcelona (Spain)
Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford University, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

We present the probabilistic stellar mass function (pSMF) of galaxies in the DESI Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS), observed during the One-percent Survey. The One-percent Survey was one of DESI's survey validation programs conducted from 2021 April to May, before the start of the main survey. It used the same target selection and similar observing strategy as the main survey and successfully observed the spectra and redshifts of 143,017 galaxies in the r < 19.5 magnitude-limited BGS Bright sample and 95,499 galaxies in the fainter surface-brightness- and color-selected BGS Faint sample over z < 0.6. We derive pSMFs from posteriors of stellar mass, M*, inferred from DESI photometry and spectroscopy using the Hahn et al. PRObabilistic Value-Added BGS (PROVABGS) Bayesian spectral energy distribution modeling framework. We use a hierarchical population inference framework that statistically and rigorously propagates the M* uncertainties. Furthermore, we include correction weights that account for the selection effects and incompleteness of the BGS observations. We present the redshift evolution of the pSMF in BGS, as well as the pSMFs of star-forming and quiescent galaxies classified using average specific star formation rates from PROVABGS. Overall, the pSMFs show good agreement with previous stellar mass function measurements in the literature. Our pSMFs showcase the potential and statistical power of BGS, which in its main survey will observe >100 × more galaxies. Moreover, we present the statistical framework for subsequent population statistics measurements using BGS, which will characterize the global galaxy population and scaling relations at low redshifts with unprecedented precision.

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Research Organization:: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019193; AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2356758

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 963; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Physical Properties and Environments of Nearby Galaxies Blanton, Michael R.; Moustakas, John Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 47, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101734	journal	September 2009
Physical Models of Galaxy Formation in a Cosmological Framework Somerville, Rachel S.; Davé, Romeel Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 53, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-140951	journal	August 2015
The Evolution of the Star-Forming Interstellar Medium Across Cosmic Time Tacconi, Linda J.; Genzel, Reinhard; Sternberg, Amiel Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 58, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-141034	journal	August 2020
Mesa Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (Mist). i. Solar-Scaled Models Choi, Jieun; Dotter, Aaron; Conroy, Charlie The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 823, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/823/2/102	journal	May 2016
Mesa Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (Mist) 0: Methods for the Construction of Stellar Isochrones Dotter, Aaron The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 222, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0067-0049/222/1/8	journal	January 2016
Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys Dey, Arjun; Schlegel, David J.; Lang, Dustin The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab089d	journal	April 2019
Overview of the Instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Abareshi, B.; Aguilar, J.; Ahlen, S. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 164, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac882b	journal	October 2022
The Robotic Multiobject Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Silber, Joseph Harry; Fagrelius, Parker; Fanning, Kevin The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 165, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac9ab1	journal	December 2022
The Target-selection Pipeline for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Myers, Adam D.; Moustakas, John; Bailey, Stephen The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 165, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aca5f9	journal	January 2023
Target Selection and Validation of DESI Luminous Red Galaxies Zhou, Rongpu; Dey, Biprateep; Newman, Jeffrey A. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 165, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aca5fb	journal	January 2023
The DESI Survey Validation: Results from Visual Inspection of the Quasar Survey Spectra Alexander, David M.; Davis, Tamara M.; Chaussidon, E. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 165, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acacfc	journal	February 2023
The Spectroscopic Data Processing Pipeline for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Guy, J.; Bailey, S.; Kremin, A. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 165, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acb212	journal	March 2023
Target Selection and Validation of DESI Emission Line Galaxies Raichoor, A.; Moustakas, J.; Newman, Jeffrey A. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 165, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acb213	journal	February 2023
The DESI Bright Galaxy Survey: Final Target Selection, Design, and Validation Hahn, ChangHoon; Wilson, Michael J.; Ruiz-Macias, Omar The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 165, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/accff8	journal	May 2023
Performance of the Quasar Spectral Templates for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Brodzeller, Allyson; Dawson, Kyle; Bailey, Stephen The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 166, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ace35d	journal	July 2023
Survey Operations for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Schlafly, Edward F.; Kirkby, David; Schlegel, David J. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 166, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad0832	journal	November 2023
Validation of the Scientific Program for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 167, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad0b08	journal	January 2024
Star Formation Quenching Timescale of Central Galaxies in a Hierarchical Universe Hahn, ChangHoon; Tinker, Jeremy L.; Wetzel, Andrew The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 841, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa6d6b	journal	May 2017
IQ-Collaboratory 1.1: The Star-forming Sequence of Simulated Central Galaxies Hahn, ChangHoon; Starkenburg, Tjitske K.; Choi, Ena The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aafedd	journal	February 2019
A New Census of the 0.2 < z < 3.0 Universe. I. The Stellar Mass Function Leja, Joel; Speagle, Joshua S.; Johnson, Benjamin D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 893, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab7e27	journal	April 2020
IQ Collaboratory. II. The Quiescent Fraction of Isolated, Low-mass Galaxies across Simulations and Observations Dickey, Claire M.; Starkenburg, Tjitske K.; Geha, Marla The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 915, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abc014	journal	July 2021
How to Obtain the Redshift Distribution from Probabilistic Redshift Estimates Malz, Alex I.; Hogg, David W. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 928, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac062f	journal	March 2022
IQ Collaboratory. III. The Empirical Dust Attenuation Framework—Taking Hydrodynamical Simulations with a Grain of Dust Hahn, ChangHoon; Starkenburg, Tjitske K.; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 926, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4253	journal	February 2022
A New Census of the 0.2 < z < 3.0 Universe. II. The Star-forming Sequence Leja, Joel; Speagle, Joshua S.; Ting, Yuan-Sen The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 936, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac887d	journal	September 2022
The DESI PRObabilistic Value-added Bright Galaxy Survey (PROVABGS) Mock Challenge Hahn, ChangHoon; Kwon, K. J.; Tojeiro, Rita The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 945, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8983	journal	March 2023
The Stellar Mass Function in CANDELS and Frontier Fields: The Buildup of Low-mass Passive Galaxies since z ∼ 3 Santini, Paola; Castellano, Marco; Fontana, Adriano The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 940, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac9a48	journal	November 2022
The DESI Survey Validation: Results from Visual Inspection of Bright Galaxies, Luminous Red Galaxies, and Emission-line Galaxies Lan, Ting-Wen; Tojeiro, R.; Armengaud, E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 943, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca5fa	journal	January 2023
The Art of Measuring Physical Parameters in Galaxies: A Critical Assessment of Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting Techniques Pacifici, Camilla; Iyer, Kartheik G.; Mobasher, Bahram The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 944, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acacff	journal	February 2023
Overview of the DESI Milky Way Survey Cooper, Andrew P.; Koposov, Sergey E.; Allende Prieto, Carlos The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 947, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb3c0	journal	April 2023
Target Selection and Validation of DESI Quasars Chaussidon, Edmond; Yèche, Christophe; Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 944, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb3c2	journal	February 2023
Field-level Neural Network Emulator for Cosmological N-body Simulations Jamieson, Drew; Li, Yin; de Oliveira, Renan Alves The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 952, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acdb6c	journal	July 2023
Target Selection and Sample Characterization for the DESI LOW-Z Secondary Target Program Darragh-Ford, Elise; Wu, John F.; Mao, Yao-Yuan The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 954, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace902	journal	September 2023
Neural Stellar Population Synthesis Emulator for the DESI PROVABGS Kwon, K. J.; Hahn, ChangHoon; Alsing, Justin The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 265, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/acba14	journal	March 2023
The CAMELS Project: Public Data Release Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco; Genel, Shy; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 265, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/acbf47	journal	April 2023
Reproducing the UVJ Color Distribution of Star-forming Galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.5 with a Geometric Model of Dust Attenuation Zuckerman, Leah D.; Belli, Sirio; Leja, Joel The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 922, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac3831	journal	November 2021
Preliminary Target Selection for the DESI Quasar (QSO) Sample Yèche, Christophe; Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie; Claveau, Charles-Antoine Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 4, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/abc01a	journal	October 2020
Preliminary Target Selection for the DESI Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) Sample Raichoor, Anand; Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Karim, Tanveer Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 4, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/abc078	journal	October 2020
Preliminary Target Selection for the DESI Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) Sample Zhou, Rongpu; Newman, Jeffrey A.; Dawson, Kyle S. Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 4, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/abc0f4	journal	October 2020
Preliminary Target Selection for the DESI Milky Way Survey (MWS) Prieto, Carlos Allende; Cooper, Andrew P.; Dey, Arjun Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 4, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/abc1dc	journal	October 2020
Preliminary Target Selection for the DESI Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS) Ruiz-Macias, Omar; Zarrouk, Pauline; Cole, Shaun Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 4, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/abc25a	journal	October 2020

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