Impact Analysis of High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling Effects on Power Grid Protection Relays

Thotakura, Naga Lakshmi; Wu, Yuru; Mignardot, David; Zhang, Liang; Qiu, Wei; Markel, Lawrence C.; Liao, Dahan; McConnell, Benjamin W.; Liu, Yilu

doi:10.3390/electronics13071336

Title: Impact Analysis of High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Coupling Effects on Power Grid Protection Relays

Journal Article · 02 April 2024 · Electronics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13071336 · OSTI ID:2351066

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^[1]; Mignardot, David ^[1];

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^[1]; Markel, Lawrence C. ^[2];

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^[2]; Liu, Yilu ^[3]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Protection relays are important equipment used for protection, control, and metering functions in the power grid. These relays are used to protect critical and difficult-to-replace equipment, like generators, transformers, and capacitor banks. Once the protection devices are disturbed or damaged, a high risk of power generation interruption occurs. Therefore, it is important and necessary to study the relay’s immunity to electromagnetic pulse (EMP) events. As a preliminary step toward empirical experimentation on actual equipment, this manuscript outlines an economical and efficient methodology for evaluating the impact of an EMP. An impedance measurement strategy was employed to model the equipment, setting the stage for subsequent immunity analyses. These analyses included the pulse current injection (PCI) method, which utilized an injecting probe to introduce the transient, and frequency domain electromagnetic (FEKO) simulation, which integrated electromagnetic coupling effects into the transient simulation. The impedance measurement and simulation results in this paper provide a reliable basis for gauging equipment performance in the face of HEMP threats. The results obtained using the PCI and FEKO simulations demonstrated the performance of different port responses under a high-altitude EMP, indicating the requirement for some protection to ensure the reliable operation of relays.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2351066

Journal Information:: Electronics, Journal Name: Electronics Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 13; ISSN 2079-9292

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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