Benefits of the Super-X divertor configuration for scenario integration on MAST Upgrade

Harrison, James R.; Bowman, C.; Clark, J. G.; Kirk, A.; Lovell, J.; Patel, B. S.; Ryan, P.; Scannell, R.; Thornton, A. J.; Verhaegh, K.

doi:10.1088/1361-6587/ad4058

Title: Benefits of the Super-X divertor configuration for scenario integration on MAST Upgrade

Journal Article · 07 May 2024 · Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ad4058 · OSTI ID:2351040

^[1];

^[1]; Kirk, A. ^[1];

^[2];

^[1];

^[1]; Scannell, R. ^[1]; Thornton, A. J. ^[1];

^[1]

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA), Abingdon (United Kingdom)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

The integration of good core and edge/pedestal confinement with strong dissipation of heat and particles in the divertors is a significant challenge for the development of fusion energy. Alternative divertor configurations offer potential advantages by broadening the operational space where a device can operate with detached divertors and acceptable power exhaust. First results from MAST Upgrade are presented from high confinement mode experiments with outer divertors in the Super-X divertor configuration, showing that the outer divertors naturally detach when the Super-X is formed with no discernible impact on the plasma core and pedestal. These initial findings confirm predicted benefits of the Super-X configuration in terms of facilitating scenario integration.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2351040

Journal Information:: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Journal Name: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 66; ISSN 0741-3335

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (62)

Plasma detachment from divertor targets and limiters Matthews, G. F. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 220-222 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(94)00450-1	journal	April 1995
Equilibrium reconstruction in an iron core tokamak using a deterministic magnetisation model Appel, L. C.; Lupelli, I. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 223 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2017.09.016	journal	February 2018
Power exhaust in tokamaks and scenario integration issues Loarte, A.; Neu, R. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 122 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.06.024	journal	November 2017
The EU strategy for solving the DEMO exhaust problem Zohm, H.; Militello, F.; Morgan, T. W. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 166 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112307	journal	May 2021
Development of the plasma scenario for EU-DEMO: Status and plans Siccinio, M.; Graves, J. P.; Kembleton, R. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 176 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113047	journal	March 2022
MAST-upgrade divertor facility and assessing performance of long-legged divertors Fishpool, G.; Canik, J.; Cunningham, G. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 438 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.067	journal	July 2013
Physics basis for the first ITER tungsten divertor Pitts, R. A.; Bonnin, X.; Escourbiac, F. Nuclear Materials and Energy, Vol. 20 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2019.100696	journal	August 2019
Integration of full divertor detachment with improved core confinement for tokamak fusion plasmas Wang, L.; Wang, H. Q.; Ding, S. Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21645-y	journal	March 2021
Super-X divertors and high power density fusion devices Valanju, P. M.; Kotschenreuther, M.; Mahajan, S. M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 16, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3110984	journal	May 2009
A 130 point Nd:YAG Thomson scattering diagnostic on MAST Scannell, R.; Walsh, M. J.; Dunstan, M. R. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 81, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3460628	journal	October 2010
Comparison of private flux region instability in conventional and super-X divertor configurations Baver, D. A.; Myra, J. R.; Militello, F. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 28, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0063766	journal	November 2021
First divertor Thomson scattering measurements on MAST-U Clark, J. G.; Bowden, M. D.; Kim, Y. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 93, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0101635	journal	October 2022
Overview and first measurements of the MAST Upgrade bolometer diagnostic Lovell, J.; Reinke, M. L.; Field, A. R. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 94, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0128750	journal	February 2023
Overview of the Langmuir probe system on the Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) Upgrade Ryan, P. J.; Elmore, S. D.; Harrison, J. R. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 94, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0152680	journal	October 2023
Study of the fast ion confinement and current profile control on MAST Turnyanskiy, M.; Keeling, D. L.; Akers, R. J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/6/065002	journal	April 2009
The super X divertor (SXD) and a compact fusion neutron source (CFNS) Kotschenreuther, M.; Valanju, P.; Mahajan, S. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 50, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/50/3/035003	journal	February 2010
Effect of changes in separatrix magnetic geometry on divertor behaviour in DIII-D Petrie, T. W.; Canik, J. M.; Lasnier, C. J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/11/113024	journal	September 2013
Measurement and control of the fast ion redistribution on MAST Turnyanskiy, M.; Challis, C. D.; Akers, R. J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/5/053016	journal	April 2013
Scaling of the tokamak near the scrape-off layer H-mode power width and implications for ITER Eich, T.; Leonard, A. W.; Pitts, R. A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/9/093031	journal	August 2013
NBI fast ion confinement in the helical core of MAST hybrid-like plasmas Pfefferlé, D.; Graves, J. P.; Cooper, W. A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/54/6/064020	journal	May 2014
Mitigation of MHD induced fast-ion redistribution in MAST and implications for MAST-Upgrade design Keeling, D. L.; Barrett, T. R.; Cecconello, M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/1/013021	journal	December 2014
Sensitivity of detachment extent to magnetic configuration and external parameters Lipschultz, Bruce; Parra, Felix I.; Hutchinson, Ian H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/56/5/056007	journal	April 2016
Interval estimation of global H-mode energy confinement in ITER Kardaun, Otto J. W. F. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 41, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/41/4/001	journal	January 1999
Formation of transport barriers in the MAST spherical tokamak Meyer, H.; Field, A. R.; Akers, R. J. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 46, Issue 5A https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/46/5A/032	journal	April 2004
Thermographic study of heat load asymmetries during MAST L-mode discharges De Temmerman, G.; Delchambre, E.; Dowling, J. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/52/9/095005	journal	July 2010
Inter-ELM pedestal evolution on MAST and impact of resonant magnetic perturbations Scannell, R.; Kirk, A.; Chapman, I. T. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/55/3/035013	journal	February 2013
Scaling of the scrape-off layer width during inter-ELM H modes on MAST as measured by infrared thermography Thornton, A. J.; Kirk, A. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/56/5/055008	journal	April 2014
Investigation of conventional and Super-X divertor configurations of MAST Upgrade using scrape-off layer plasma simulation Havlíčková, E.; Fundamenski, W.; Wischmeier, M. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/56/7/075008	journal	May 2014
SOLPS analysis of the MAST-U divertor with the effect of heating power and pumping on the access to detachment in the Super-x configuration Havlíčková, E.; Harrison, J.; Lipschultz, B. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/57/11/115001	journal	August 2015
Measurements and modelling of fast-ion redistribution due to resonant MHD instabilities in MAST Jones, O. M.; Cecconello, M.; McClements, K. G. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/57/12/125009	journal	November 2015
Progress at JET in integrating ITER-relevant core and edge plasmas within the constraints of an ITER-like wall Giroud, C.; Jachmich, S.; Jacquet, P. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/57/3/035004	journal	February 2015
A review of radiative detachment studies in tokamak advanced magnetic divertor configurations Soukhanovskii, V. A. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aa6959	journal	April 2017
Using SOLPS to confirm the importance of total flux expansion in Super-X divertors Moulton, D.; Harrison, J.; Lipschultz, B. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aa6b13	journal	May 2017
Liquid metals as a divertor plasma-facing material explored using the Pilot-PSI and Magnum-PSI linear devices Morgan, T. W.; Rindt, P.; van Eden, G. G. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aa86cd	journal	October 2017
Plasma detachment in divertor tokamaks Leonard, A. W. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aaa7a9	journal	February 2018
Parameter dependences of the separatrix density in nitrogen seeded ASDEX Upgrade H-mode discharges Kallenbach, A.; Sun, H. J.; Eich, T. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aaab21	journal	February 2018
Separating the roles of magnetic topology and neutral trapping in modifying the detachment threshold for TCV Fil, A.; Lipschultz, B.; Moulton, D. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab69bb	journal	January 2020
Scrape-off layer (SOL) power width scaling and correlation between SOL and pedestal gradients across L, I and H-mode plasmas at ASDEX Upgrade Silvagni, D.; Eich, T.; Faitsch, M. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab74e8	journal	February 2020
Role of electric currents for the SOL and divertor target heat fluxes in ASDEX Upgrade Brida, D.; Silvagni, D.; Eich, T. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aba8d6	journal	August 2020
Enhanced confinement in diverted negative-triangularity L-mode plasmas in TCV Coda, S.; Merle, A.; Sauter, O. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 64, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac3fec	journal	December 2021
Towards a fusion power plant: integration of physics and technology Morris, A. W.; Akers, R. J.; Cox, M. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 64, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac6694	journal	May 2022
First observations of confined fast ions in MAST Upgrade with an upgraded neutron camera Cecconello, M.; Dolby, I. J.; Sperduti, A. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 65, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/acb50c	journal	February 2023
Results from recent detachment experiments in alternative divertor configurations on TCV Theiler, C.; Lipschultz, B.; Harrison, J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa5fb7	journal	March 2017
Development of high poloidal beta, steady-state scenario with ITER-like tungsten divertor on EAST Garofalo, A. M.; Gong, X. Z.; Qian, J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa7186	journal	June 2017
Improved confinement in highly powered high performance scenarios on DIII-D Petrie, T. W.; Osborne, T.; Fenstermacher, M. E. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa7399	journal	June 2017
Compatibility of separatrix density scaling for divertor detachment with H-mode pedestal operation in DIII-D Leonard, A. W.; McLean, A. G.; Makowski, M. A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa778c	journal	July 2017
Correlation of the tokamak H-mode density limit with ballooning stability at the separatrix Eich, T.; Goldston, R. J.; Kallenbach, A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aaa340	journal	January 2018
The dependence of divertor power sharing on magnetic flux balance in near double-null configurations on Alcator C-Mod Brunner, D.; Kuang, A. Q.; LaBombard, B. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aac006	journal	May 2018
Scenario development for D–T operation at JET Garzotti, L.; Challis, C.; Dumont, R. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab1cca	journal	June 2019
High performance double-null plasmas under radiating divertor and mantle scenarios on DIII-D Petrie, T. W.; Grierson, B. A.; Osborne, T. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab2936	journal	July 2019
X-point radiation, its control and an ELM suppressed radiating regime at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak Bernert, M.; Janky, F.; Sieglin, B. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/abc936	journal	December 2020
Optimizing detachment control using the magnetic configuration of divertors Cowley, C.; Lipschultz, B.; Moulton, D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac7a4c	journal	July 2022
Comparison between MAST-U conventional and Super-X configurations through SOLPS-ITER modelling Fil, A.; Lipschultz, B.; Moulton, D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac81d8	journal	August 2022
Improved heat and particle flux mitigation in high core confinement, baffled, alternative divertor configurations in the TCV tokamak Raj, Harshita; Theiler, C.; Thornton, A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac94e5	journal	November 2022
Spectroscopic investigations of detachment on the MAST Upgrade Super-X divertor Verhaegh, K.; Lipschultz, B.; Harrison, J. R. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aca10a	journal	December 2022
Characterisation of detachment in the MAST-U Super-X divertor using multi-wavelength imaging of 2D atomic and molecular emission processes Wijkamp, T. A.; Allcock, J. S.; Feng, X. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acc191	journal	March 2023
Investigating the impact of the molecular charge-exchange rate on detached SOLPS-ITER simulations Verhaegh, K.; Williams, A. C.; Moulton, D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acd394	journal	May 2023
Predictive SOLPS-ITER simulations to study the role of divertor magnetic geometry in detachment control in the MAST-U Super-X configuration Myatra, O.; Lipschultz, B.; Moulton, D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acea33	journal	August 2023
The role of plasma–atom and molecule interactions on power & particle balance during detachment on the MAST Upgrade Super-X divertor Verhaegh, K.; Lipschultz, B.; Harrison, J. R. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acf946	journal	October 2023
Inter-ELM Power Decay Length for JET and ASDEX Upgrade: Measurement and Comparison with Heuristic Drift-Based Model Eich, T.; Sieglin, B.; Scarabosio, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.215001	journal	November 2011
Compact Radiative Divertor Experiments at ASDEX Upgrade and Their Consequences for a Reactor Lunt, T.; Bernert, M.; Brida, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 130, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.145102	journal	April 2023
MAST Upgrade Divertor Facility: A Test Bed for Novel Divertor Solutions Morris, William; Harrison, J. R.; Kirk, A. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 46, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2018.2815283	journal	May 2018

Similar Records

Overview of physics results from MAST upgrade towards core-pedestal-exhaust integration

Journal Article · 2024 · Nuclear Fusion · OSTI ID:2447396

Harrison, J. R.; Aboutaleb, A.; Ahmed, S.; +201 more

The role of plasma–atom and molecule interactions on power & particle balance during detachment on the MAST Upgrade Super-X divertor

Journal Article · 2023 · Nuclear Fusion · OSTI ID:2440991

Verhaegh, Kevin; Lipschultz, B.; Harrison, J. R.; +12 more

Investigations of atomic and molecular processes of NBI-heated discharges in the MAST Upgrade Super-X divertor with implications for reactors

Journal Article · 2024 · Nuclear Fusion · OSTI ID:2440994

Verhaegh, Kevin; Harrison, James; Lipschultz, Bruce; +20 more

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Title: Benefits of the Super-X divertor configuration for scenario integration on MAST Upgrade

Citation Formats

References (62)

Similar Records

Related Subjects