Spin disorder control of topological spin texture

Zhang, Hongrui; Shao, Yu-Tsun; Chen, Xiang; Zhang, Binhua; Wang, Tianye; Meng, Fanhao; Xu, Kun; Meisenheimer, Peter; Chen, Xianzhe; Huang, Xiaoxi; Behera, Piush; Husain, Sajid; Zhu, Tiancong; Pan, Hao; Jia, Yanli; Settineri, Nick; Giles-Donovan, Nathan; He, Zehao; Scholl, Andreas; N’Diaye, Alpha; Shafer, Padraic; Raja, Archana; Xu, Changsong; Martin, Lane W.; Crommie, Michael F.; Yao, Jie; Qiu, Ziqiang; Majumdar, Arun; Bellaiche, Laurent; Muller, David A.; Birgeneau, Robert J.; Ramesh, Ramamoorthy

doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47715-5

Title: Spin disorder control of topological spin texture

Journal Article · 07 May 2024 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47715-5 · OSTI ID:2346266

^[1];

^[2]; Chen, Xiang ^[3]; Zhang, Binhua ^[4];

^[5];

^[1];

^[6];

^[5];

^[1]; Huang, Xiaoxi ^[5]; Behera, Piush ^[5];

^[1];

^[7];

^[5]; Jia, Yanli ^[5]; Settineri, Nick ^[8]; Giles-Donovan, Nathan ^[5];

^[7]; Scholl, Andreas ^[9];

^[9] more »

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Sun Yat-Sen Univ., Guangzhou (China)
Fudan Univ., Shanghai (China); Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute (China)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Molecular Foundry
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States)
Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR (United States)
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)

Stabilization of topological spin textures in layered magnets has the potential to drive the development of advanced low-dimensional spintronics devices. However, achieving reliable and flexible manipulation of the topological spin textures beyond skyrmion in a two-dimensional magnet system remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the introduction of magnetic iron atoms between the van der Waals gap of a layered magnet, Fe₃GaTe₂, to modify local anisotropic magnetic interactions. Consequently, we present direct observations of the order-disorder skyrmion lattices transition. In addition, non-trivial topological solitons, such as skyrmioniums and skyrmion bags, are realized at room temperature. Our work highlights the influence of random spin control of non-trivial topological spin textures.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AC02-05CH11231; FA9550-21-1-0460; FA9550-18-1-0480; 2015M3D1A1070467; 2015R1A5A1009962; DMR-1719875; MRI-1429155; No. DE-AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2346266

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2405177; OSTI ID: 2407025

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Vol. 15, Issue 1; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (59)

Ultrahigh capacitive energy density in ion-bombarded relaxor ferroelectric films Kim, Jieun; Saremi, Sahar; Acharya, Megha Science, Vol. 369, Issue 6499 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb0631	journal	July 2020
Néel-type skyrmion in WTe2/Fe3GeTe2 van der Waals heterostructure Wu, Yingying; Zhang, Senfu; Zhang, Junwei Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17566-x	journal	July 2020
Skyrmions on the track Fert, Albert; Cros, Vincent; Sampaio, João Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.29	journal	March 2013
The design and verification of MuMax3 Vansteenkiste, Arne; Leliaert, Jonathan; Dvornik, Mykola AIP Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4899186	journal	October 2014
Magnetic skyrmion bundles and their current-driven dynamics Tang, Jin; Wu, Yaodong; Wang, Weiwei Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 16, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00954-9	journal	August 2021
Emergence of skyrmionium in a two-dimensional CrGe ( Se , Te ) 3 Janus monolayer Zhang, Yun; Xu, Changsong; Chen, Peng Physical Review B, Vol. 102, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.102.241107	journal	December 2020
Realization and Current‐Driven Dynamics of Fractional Hopfions and Their Ensembles in a Helimagnet FeGe Yu, Xiuzhen; Liu, Yizhou; Iakoubovskii, Konstantin V. Advanced Materials, Vol. 35, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202210646	journal	April 2023
Skyrmion Hall effect revealed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy Litzius, Kai; Lemesh, Ivan; Krüger, Benjamin Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4000	journal	December 2016
Magnetic Skyrmions in a Thickness Tunable 2D Ferromagnet from a Defect Driven Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction Chakraborty, Anirban; Srivastava, Abhay K.; Sharma, Ankit K. Advanced Materials, Vol. 34, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202108637	journal	February 2022
Multiply periodic states and isolated skyrmions in an anisotropic frustrated magnet Leonov, A. O.; Mostovoy, M. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9275	journal	September 2015
Theory of isolated magnetic skyrmions: From fundamentals to room temperature applications Büttner, Felix; Lemesh, Ivan; Beach, Geoffrey S. D. Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22242-8	journal	March 2018
High Dynamic Range Pixel Array Detector for Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Tate, Mark W.; Purohit, Prafull; Chamberlain, Darol Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927615015664	journal	January 2016
Near room-temperature formation of a skyrmion crystal in thin-films of the helimagnet FeGe Yu, X. Z.; Kanazawa, N.; Onose, Y. Nature Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2916	journal	December 2010
Giant piezoelectricity of Sm-doped Pb(Mg _1/3 Nb _2/3 )O ₃ -PbTiO ₃ single crystals Li, Fei; Cabral, Matthew J.; Xu, Bin Science, Vol. 364, Issue 6437 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw2781	journal	April 2019
Magnetic structure and phase stability of the van der Waals bonded ferromagnet Fe 3 − x GeTe 2 May, Andrew F.; Calder, Stuart; Cantoni, Claudia Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.93.014411	journal	January 2016
Dynamics of Skyrmion Crystals in Metallic Thin Films Zang, Jiadong; Mostovoy, Maxim; Han, Jung Hoon Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.136804	journal	September 2011
History-dependent domain and skyrmion formation in 2D van der Waals magnet Fe3GeTe2 Birch, M. T.; Powalla, L.; Wintz, S. Nature Communications, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30740-7	journal	May 2022
Direct writing of room temperature and zero field skyrmion lattices by a scanning local magnetic field Zhang, Senfu; Zhang, Junwei; Zhang, Qiang Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5021172	journal	March 2018
Effect of nickel substitution on magnetism in the layered van der Waals ferromagnet Fe 3 GeTe 2 Drachuck, Gil; Salman, Zaher; Masters, Morgan W. Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.98.144434	journal	October 2018
Beyond skyrmions: Review and perspectives of alternative magnetic quasiparticles Göbel, Börge; Mertig, Ingrid; Tretiakov, Oleg A. Physics Reports, Vol. 895 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2020.10.001	journal	February 2021
Role of Anisotropic Exchange Interactions in Determining the Properties of Spin-Glasses Fert, A.; Levy, Peter M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 44, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.44.1538	journal	June 1980
Assembling Diverse Skyrmionic Phases in Fe ₃ GeTe ₂ Monolayers Xu, Changsong; Li, Xueyang; Chen, Peng Advanced Materials, Vol. 34, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202107779	journal	February 2022
A room temperature polar magnetic metal Zhang, Hongrui; Shao, Yu-Tsun; Chen, Rui Physical Review Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.044403	journal	April 2022
Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction (DMI)-induced magnetic skyrmion materials Wei, Wen-Sen; He, Zhi-Dong; Qu, Zhe Rare Metals, Vol. 40, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-021-01746-9	journal	June 2021
Reversible conversion between skyrmions and skyrmioniums Yang, Sheng; Zhao, Yuelei; Wu, Kai Nature Communications, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39007-1	journal	June 2023
Controlled transformation of skyrmions and antiskyrmions in a non-centrosymmetric magnet Peng, Licong; Takagi, Rina; Koshibae, Wataru Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 15, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0616-6	journal	January 2020
Fe‐Intercalation Dominated Ferromagnetism of van der Waals Fe₃GeTe₂ Wu, Yueshen; Hu, Yuxiong; Wang, Cong Advanced Materials, Vol. 35, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202302568	journal	July 2023
Spectral evidence for local-moment ferromagnetism in the van der Waals metals Fe3GaTe2 and Fe3GeTe2 Wu, Han; Hu, Chaowei; Xie, Yaofeng Physical Review B, Vol. 109, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.109.104410	journal	March 2024
Electrical writing, deleting, reading, and moving of magnetic skyrmioniums in a racetrack device Göbel, Börge; Schäffer, Alexander F.; Berakdar, Jamal Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48617-z	journal	August 2019
Néel-type skyrmion lattice with confined orientation in the polar magnetic semiconductor GaV4S8 Kézsmárki, I.; Bordács, S.; Milde, P. Nature Materials, Vol. 14, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4402	journal	September 2015
Ordering of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in a polar van der Waals magnet Meisenheimer, Peter; Zhang, Hongrui; Raftrey, David Nature Communications, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39442-0	journal	June 2023
Random Fields, Topology, and the Imry-Ma Argument Proctor, Thomas C.; Garanin, Dmitry A.; Chudnovsky, Eugene M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.097201	journal	March 2014
Observation of Magnetic Skyrmion Bubbles in a van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe ₃ GeTe ₂ Ding, Bei; Li, Zefang; Xu, Guizhou Nano Letters, Vol. 20, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03453	journal	December 2019
Magnetic Skyrmion Materials Tokura, Yoshinori; Kanazawa, Naoya Chemical Reviews, Vol. 121, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00297	journal	November 2020
Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet Muhlbauer, S.; Binz, B.; Jonietz, F. Science, Vol. 323, Issue 5916 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1166767	journal	February 2009
Skyrmion Knots in Frustrated Magnets Sutcliffe, Paul Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.247203	journal	June 2017
Magnetic hopfions in solids Rybakov, Filipp N.; Kiselev, Nikolai S.; Borisov, Aleksandr B. APL Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0099942	journal	November 2022
Creation of skyrmions in van der Waals ferromagnet Fe ₃ GeTe ₂ on (Co/Pd) _n superlattice Yang, M.; Li, Q.; Chopdekar, R. V. Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb5157	journal	September 2020
Above-room-temperature strong intrinsic ferromagnetism in 2D van der Waals Fe3GaTe2 with large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Zhang, Gaojie; Guo, Fei; Wu, Hao Nature Communications, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32605-5	journal	August 2022
Unveiling the three-dimensional magnetic texture of skyrmion tubes Wolf, Daniel; Schneider, Sebastian; Rößler, Ulrich K. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 17, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-01031-x	journal	December 2021
Hopfion rings in a cubic chiral magnet Zheng, Fengshan; Kiselev, Nikolai S.; Rybakov, Filipp N. Nature, Vol. 623, Issue 7988 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06658-5	journal	November 2023
Spontaneous atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion lattice in two dimensions Heinze, Stefan; von Bergmann, Kirsten; Menzel, Matthias Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2045	journal	July 2011
Magnetic antiskyrmions above room temperature in tetragonal Heusler materials Nayak, Ajaya K.; Kumar, Vivek; Ma, Tianping Nature, Vol. 548, Issue 7669 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23466	journal	August 2017
Atomap: a new software tool for the automated analysis of atomic resolution images using two-dimensional Gaussian fitting Nord, Magnus; Vullum, Per Erik; MacLaren, Ian Advanced Structural and Chemical Imaging, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40679-017-0042-5	journal	February 2017
Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential applications Fert, Albert; Reyren, Nicolas; Cros, Vincent Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2017.31	journal	June 2017
Universal static and dynamic properties of the structural transition in Pb ( Zn 1 / 3 Nb 2 / 3 ) O 3 Stock, C.; Birgeneau, R. J.; Wakimoto, S. Physical Review B, Vol. 69, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.69.094104	journal	March 2004
New Model for Amorphous Magnetism Harris, R.; Plischke, M.; Zuckermann, M. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.31.160	journal	July 1973
Seeding and Emergence of Composite Skyrmions in a van der Waals Magnet Powalla, Lukas; Birch, Max T.; Litzius, Kai Advanced Materials, Vol. 35, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202208930	journal	February 2023
Magnetic skyrmion braids Zheng, Fengshan; Rybakov, Filipp N.; Kiselev, Nikolai S. Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25389-7	journal	September 2021
Statics and dynamics of skyrmions interacting with disorder and nanostructures Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. O.; Milošević, M. V. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 94, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.94.035005	journal	September 2022
Spin glasses: Experimental facts, theoretical concepts, and open questions Binder, K.; Young, A. P. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 58, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.58.801	journal	October 1986
Very-High Dynamic Range, 10,000 Frames/Second Pixel Array Detector for Electron Microscopy Philipp, Hugh T.; Tate, Mark W.; Shanks, Katherine S. Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 28, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927622000174	journal	March 2022
Room-temperature skyrmion lattice in a layered magnet (Fe _0.5 Co _0.5 ) ₅ GeTe ₂ Zhang, Hongrui; Raftrey, David; Chan, Ying-Ting Science Advances, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm7103	journal	March 2022
Skyrmion dynamics in a frustrated ferromagnetic film and current-induced helicity locking-unlocking transition Zhang, Xichao; Xia, Jing; Zhou, Yan Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01785-w	journal	November 2017
Ultrahigh–energy density lead-free dielectric films via polymorphic nanodomain design Pan, Hao; Li, Fei; Liu, Yao Science, Vol. 365, Issue 6453 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw8109	journal	August 2019
Memory on the racetrack Parkin, Stuart; Yang, See-Hun Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2015.41	journal	March 2015
Direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect Jiang, Wanjun; Zhang, Xichao; Yu, Guoqiang Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3883	journal	September 2016
Hard magnetic properties in nanoflake van der Waals Fe3GeTe2 Tan, Cheng; Lee, Jinhwan; Jung, Soon-Gil Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04018-w	journal	April 2018
Direct visualization of the three-dimensional shape of skyrmion strings in a noncentrosymmetric magnet Seki, S.; Suzuki, M.; Ishibashi, M. Nature Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01141-w	journal	November 2021

Similar Records

Local negative permittivity and topological phase transition in polar skyrmions

Journal Article · 2020 · Nature Materials · OSTI ID:1785717

Das, S.; Hong, Z.; Stoica, V. A.; +27 more

Magnetic skyrmion bundles and their current-driven dynamics

Journal Article · 2021 · Nature Nanotechnology · OSTI ID:1972943

Tang, Jin; Wu, Yaodong; Wang, Weiwei; +6 more

Consequences and Control of Multiscale Order/Disorder in Chiral Magnetic Textures

Journal Article · 2023 · ACS Nano · OSTI ID:2470741

Goodge, Berit H.; Gonzalez, Oscar; Xie, Lilia S.; +1 more

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Title: Spin disorder control of topological spin texture

Citation Formats

References (59)

Similar Records

Related Subjects