Surface-active antibiotic production as a multifunctional adaptation for postfire microorganisms

Liu, Mira D.; Du, Yongle; Koupaei, Sara K.; Kim, Nicole R.; Fischer, Monika S.; Zhang, Wenjun; Traxler, Matthew F.

doi:10.1093/ismejo/wrae022

Title: Surface-active antibiotic production as a multifunctional adaptation for postfire microorganisms

Journal Article · 05 February 2024 · The ISME Journal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wrae022 · OSTI ID:2345860

Liu, Mira D.; Du, Yongle; Koupaei, Sara K.; Kim, Nicole R.; Fischer, Monika S.; Zhang, Wenjun; Traxler, Matthew F.

Abstract Wildfires affect soils in multiple ways, leading to numerous challenges for colonizing microorganisms. Although it is thought that fire-adapted microorganisms lie at the forefront of postfire ecosystem recovery, the specific strategies that these organisms use to thrive in burned soils remain largely unknown. Through bioactivity screening of bacterial isolates from burned soils, we discovered that several Paraburkholderia spp. isolates produced a set of unusual rhamnolipid surfactants with a natural methyl ester modification. These rhamnolipid methyl esters (RLMEs) exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against other postfire microbial isolates, including pyrophilous Pyronema fungi and Amycolatopsis bacteria, compared to the typical rhamnolipids made by organisms such as Pseudomonas spp. RLMEs also showed enhanced surfactant properties and facilitated bacterial motility on agar surfaces. In vitro assays further demonstrated that RLMEs improved aqueous solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are potential carbon sources found in char. Identification of the rhamnolipid biosynthesis genes in the postfire isolate, Paraburkholderia kirstenboschensis str. F3, led to the discovery of rhlM, whose gene product is responsible for the unique methylation of rhamnolipid substrates. RhlM is the first characterized bacterial representative of a large class of integral membrane methyltransferases that are widespread in bacteria. These results indicate multiple roles for RLMEs in the postfire lifestyle of Paraburkholderia isolates, including enhanced dispersal, solubilization of potential nutrients, and inhibition of competitors. Our findings shed new light on the chemical adaptations that bacteria employ to navigate, grow, and outcompete other soil community members in postfire environments.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0020351; AC02-05CH11231; AC02-06CH11357; AC05-00OR22725; AC02-98CH10886

OSTI ID:: 2345860

Journal Information:: The ISME Journal, Journal Name: The ISME Journal Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 18; ISSN 1751-7362

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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