The protist Aurantiochytrium has universal subtelomeric rDNAs and is a host for mirusviruses

Collier, Jackie L.; Rest, Joshua S.; Gallot-Lavallée, Lucie; Lavington, Erik; Kuo, Alan; Jenkins, Jerry; Plott, Chris; Pangilinan, Jasmyn; Daum, Chris; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Filloramo, Gina V.; Novák Vanclová, Anna M.G.; Archibald, John M.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.009

Title: The protist Aurantiochytrium has universal subtelomeric rDNAs and is a host for mirusviruses

Journal Article · 31 October 2023 · Current Biology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.009 · OSTI ID:2345177

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^[1]; Gallot-Lavallée, Lucie ^[2];

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^[4]; Plott, Chris ^[4];

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^[2]; Novák Vanclová, Anna M.G. ^[6];

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Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS (Canada)
USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL (United States)
USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Charles Univ., Prague (Czech Republic)

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the world's oceans, where they play important ecological and biogeochemical roles. Metagenomics is revealing new groups of eukaryotic viruses, although disconnected from known hosts. Among these are the recently described mirusviruses, which share some similarities with herpesviruses.50 years ago, "herpes-type" viral particles were found in a thraustochytrid member of the labyrinthulomycetes, a diverse group of abundant and ecologically important marine eukaryotes, but could not be further characterized by methods then available. Long-read sequencing has allowed us to connect the biology of mirusviruses and thraustochytrids. We sequenced the genome of the genetically tractable model thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium limacinum ATCC MYA-1381 and found that its 26 linear chromosomes have an extraordinary configuration. Subtelomeric ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) found at all chromosome ends are interspersed with long repeated sequence elements denoted as long repeated-telomere and rDNA spacers (LORE-TEARS). We identified two genomic elements that are related to mirusvirus genomes. The first is a ~300-kbp episome (circular element 1 [CE1]) present at a high copy number. Strikingly, the second, distinct, mirusvirus-like element is integrated between two sets of rDNAs and LORE-TEARS at the left end of chromosome 15 (LE-Chr15). Similar to metagenomically derived mirusviruses, these putative A. limacinum mirusviruses have a virion module related to that of herpesviruses along with an informational module related to nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs). CE1 and LE-Chr15 bear striking similarities to episomal and endogenous latent forms of herpesviruses, respectively, and open new avenues of research into marine virus-host interactions.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; GBMF4982; GBMF5782; RGPIN-2019-05058

OSTI ID:: 2345177

Journal Information:: Current Biology, Vol. 33, Issue 23; ISSN 0960-9822

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
protist genome assembly
labyrinthulomycetes
thraustochytrids
endogenous viruses
viral episome
host-virus co-evolution
subtelomeric rDNAs
long repeated-telomere and rDNA spacers
LORE-TEARS
duplodnaviria
varidnaviria

Title: The protist Aurantiochytrium has universal subtelomeric rDNAs and is a host for mirusviruses

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References (75)

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