Chapter 8: Searching for Life Beyond Earth

Chou, Luoth; Grefenstette, Natalie; Borges, Schuyler; Caro, Tristan; Catalano, Enrico; Harman, Chester E.; McKaig, Jordan; Raj, Chinmayee Govinda; Trubl, Gareth; Young, Amber

doi:10.1089/ast.2021.0104

Title: Chapter 8: Searching for Life Beyond Earth

Journal Article · 18 March 2024 · Astrobiology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2021.0104 · OSTI ID:2341952

Chou, Luoth ^[1]; Grefenstette, Natalie ^[2]; Borges, Schuyler ^[3]; Caro, Tristan ^[4]; Catalano, Enrico ^[5]; Harman, Chester E. ^[6]; McKaig, Jordan ^[7]; Raj, Chinmayee Govinda ^[7]; Trubl, Gareth ^[8]; Young, Amber ^[9]

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (United States); Georgetown University, Washington, DC (United States)
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM (United States); Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA (United States)
Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ (United States)
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
The BioRobotics Institute, Pisa (Italy)
NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA (United States)
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ (United States)

The search for life beyond Earth necessitates a rigorous and comprehensive examination of biosignatures, the types of observable imprints that life produces. These imprints and our ability to detect them with advanced instrumentation hold the key to our understanding of the presence and abundance of life in the universe. Biosignatures are the chemical or physical features associated with past or present life and may include the distribution of elements and molecules, alone or in combination, as well as changes in structural components or physical processes that would be distinct from an abiotic background. The scientific and technical strategies used to search for life on other planets include those that can be conducted in situ to planetary bodies and those that could be observed remotely. Here this chapter discusses numerous strategies that can be employed to look for biosignatures directly on other planetary bodies using robotic exploration including those that have been deployed to other planetary bodies, are currently being developed for flight, or will become a critical technology on future missions. Search strategies for remote observations using current and planned ground-based and space-based telescopes are also described. Evidence from spectral absorption, emission, or transmission features can be used to search for remote biosignatures and technosignatures. Improving our understanding of biosignatures, their production, transformation, and preservation on Earth can enhance our search efforts to detect life on other planets.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 2341952

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-825389; 1039424

Journal Information:: Astrobiology, Journal Name: Astrobiology Journal Issue: S1 Vol. 24; ISSN 1531-1074

Publisher:: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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