Chapter 5: Major Biological Innovations in the History of Life on Earth

Bozdag, G. Ozan; Szeinbaum, Nadia; Conlin, Peter L.; Chen, Kimberly; Fos, Santiago Mestre; Garcia, Amanda; Penev, Petar I.; Schaible, George A.; Trubl, Gareth

doi:10.1089/ast.2021.0119

Title: Chapter 5: Major Biological Innovations in the History of Life on Earth

Journal Article · 18 March 2024 · Astrobiology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2021.0119 · OSTI ID:2341946

Bozdag, G. Ozan ^[1]; Szeinbaum, Nadia ^[1]; Conlin, Peter L. ^[1]; Chen, Kimberly ^[1]; Fos, Santiago Mestre ^[1]; Garcia, Amanda ^[2]; Penev, Petar I. ^[1]; Schaible, George A. ^[3]; Trubl, Gareth ^[4]

Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
Montana State University, Bozeman, MT (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Physical and Life Sciences Directorate

All organisms living on Earth descended from a single, common ancestral population of cells, known as LUCA—the last universal common ancestor. Since its emergence, the diversity and complexity of life have increased dramatically. Here this chapter focuses on four key biological innovations throughout Earth's history that had a significant impact on the expansion of phylogenetic diversity, organismal complexity, and ecospace habitation. First is the emergence of the last universal common ancestor, LUCA, which laid the foundation for all life-forms on Earth. Second is the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis, which resulted in global geochemical and biological transformations. Third is the appearance of a new type of cell—the eukaryotic cell—which led to the origin of a new domain of life and the basis for complex multicellularity. Fourth is the multiple independent origins of multicellularity, resulting in the emergence of a new level of complex individuality. A discussion of these four key events will improve our understanding of the intertwined history of our planet and its inhabitants and better inform the extent to which we can expect life at different degrees of diversity and complexity elsewhere.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Institutes of Health (NIH); David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Institute of Aging (NIA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; 1R35GM138030; NNA17BB05A; 80NSSC18K1139; NNX17AK85G; 80NSSC20K1365

OSTI ID:: 2341946

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-825388; 1039423

Journal Information:: Astrobiology, Vol. 24, Issue S1; ISSN 1531-1074

Publisher:: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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Title: Chapter 5: Major Biological Innovations in the History of Life on Earth

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