Simulating Discharge Curves of an All-Aqueous TRAB to Identify Pathways for Improving System Performance

Cross, Nicholas R.; Rau, Matthew J.; Gorski, Christopher A.; Logan, Bruce E.; Hall, Derek M.

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad3ebb

Title: Simulating Discharge Curves of an All-Aqueous TRAB to Identify Pathways for Improving System Performance

Journal Article · 26 April 2024 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad3ebb · OSTI ID:2341351

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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
George Washington University, Washington, DC (United States)
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)

Thermally regenerative ammonia batteries (TRABs) are an emerging technology that use low temperature heat (T < 150 °C) to recharge a flow battery that produces electrical power on demand. The all-aqueous copper TRAB can provide high power densities and thermal energy efficiencies relative to other devices that harvest energy from waste heat, but its performance is adversely impacted by the crossover of undesired species through the membrane and lower cell voltages compared to conventional batteries. In this work, we developed a numerical model to simulate discharge curves while accounting for crossover inefficiencies without tracking all electrolyte species through the membrane. The model was able to successfully reproduce discharge curves across a diverse range of battery conditions using a single fitting parameter to account for decay of electrode standard potential due to species crossover with minimal error (< 5%). The model was then used to simulate different design scenarios to estimate changes in energy output from alterations to the aspects of the battery electrolyte chemistry. Results from this study are used to identify pathways for improving future TRAB designs with respect to energy capacity and cost-effectiveness of the technology.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; FE0032030

OSTI ID:: 2341351

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2370623

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-859138; 1089649

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 171, Issue 4; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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