Identification of triacylglycerol remodeling mechanism to synthesize unusual fatty acid containing oils

Parchuri, Prasad; Bhandari, Sajina; Azeez, Abdul; Chen, Grace; Johnson, Kumiko; Shockey, Jay; Smertenko, Andrei; Bates, Philip D.

doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47995-x

Title: Identification of triacylglycerol remodeling mechanism to synthesize unusual fatty acid containing oils

Journal Article · 25 April 2024 · Nature Communications

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47995-x · OSTI ID:2341260

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Washington State University, Pullman, WA (United States); Washington State University
Washington State University, Pullman, WA (United States)
United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA (United States)
Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA (United States)

Typical plant membranes and storage lipids are comprised of five common fatty acids yet over 450 unusual fatty acids accumulate in seed oils of various plant species. Plant oils are important human and animal nutrients, while some unusual fatty acids such as hydroxylated fatty acids (HFA) are used in the chemical industry (lubricants, paints, polymers, cosmetics, etc.). Most unusual fatty acids are extracted from non-agronomic crops leading to high production costs. Attempts to engineer HFA into crops are unsuccessful due to bottlenecks in the overlapping pathways of oil and membrane lipid synthesis where HFA are not compatible. Physaria fendleri naturally overcomes these bottlenecks through a triacylglycerol (TAG) remodeling mechanism where HFA are incorporated into TAG after initial synthesis. TAG remodeling involves a unique TAG lipase and two diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) that are selective for different stereochemical and acyl-containing species of diacylglycerol within a synthesis, partial degradation, and resynthesis cycle. The TAG lipase interacts with DGAT1, localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (with the DGATs) and to puncta around the lipid droplet, likely forming a TAG remodeling metabolon near the lipid droplet-ER junction. Each characterized DGAT and TAG lipase can increase HFA accumulation in engineered seed oils.

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Research Organization:: Washington State University, Pullman, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science (BSS); United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0023142

OSTI ID:: 2341260

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2341356

Journal Information:: Nature Communications, Journal Name: Nature Communications Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 15; ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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