Extending the chemical reach of the H3 survey: detailed abundances of the dwarf-galaxy stellar stream Wukong/LMS-1

Limberg, Guilherme; Ji, Alexander P.; Naidu, Rohan P.; Chiti, Anirudh; Rossi, Silvia; Usman, Sam A.; Ting, Yuan-Sen; Zaritsky, Dennis; Bonaca, Ana; Borbolato, Lais; Speagle, Joshua S.; Chandra, Vedant; Conroy, Charlie

doi:10.1093/mnras/stae969

Title: Extending the chemical reach of the H3 survey: detailed abundances of the dwarf-galaxy stellar stream Wukong/LMS-1

Journal Article · 09 April 2024 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae969 · OSTI ID:2340959

;

; Naidu, Rohan P.; Chiti, Anirudh;

; Usman, Sam A.;

;

; Borbolato, Lais; Speagle, Joshua S.;

; Conroy, Charlie

ABSTRACT We present the first detailed chemical-abundance analysis of stars from the dwarf-galaxy stellar stream Wukong/LMS-1 covering a wide metallicity range ($$-3.5 \lt \rm [Fe/H] \lesssim -1.3$$). We find abundance patterns that are effectively indistinguishable from the bulk of Indus and Jhelum, a pair of smaller stellar streams proposed to be dynamically associated with Wukong/LMS-1. We confirmed a carbon-enhanced metal-poor star ($$\rm [C/Fe] \gt +0.7$$ and $$\rm [Fe/H] \sim -2.9$$) in Wukong/LMS-1 with strong enhancements in Sr, Y, and Zr, which is peculiar given its solar-level [Ba/Fe]. Wukong/LMS-1 stars have high abundances of α elements up to $$\rm [Fe/H] \gtrsim -2$$, which is expected for relatively massive dwarfs. Towards the high-metallicity end, Wukong/LMS-1 becomes α-poor, revealing that it probably experienced fairly standard chemical evolution. We identified a pair of N- and Na-rich stars in Wukong/LMS-1, reminiscent of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters. This indicates that this dwarf galaxy contained at least one globular cluster that was completely disrupted in addition to two intact ones previously known to be associated with Wukong/LMS-1, which is possibly connected to similar evidence found in Indus. From these ≥3 globular clusters, we estimate the total mass of Wukong/LMS-1 to be $${\approx }10^{10} \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$$, representing ∼1 per cent of the present-day Milky Way. Finally, the [Eu/Mg] ratio in Wukong/LMS-1 continuously increases with metallicity, making this the first example of a dwarf galaxy where the production of r-process elements is clearly dominated by delayed sources, presumably neutron-star mergers.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 2340959

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 530; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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Metal Mixing in the r-process Enhanced Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum II* Ji, Alexander P.; Simon, Joshua D.; Roederer, Ian U. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 165, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acad84	journal	February 2023
Chemical Abundances of New Member Stars in the Tucana II Dwarf Galaxy Chiti, Anirudh; Frebel, Anna; Ji, Alexander P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 857, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aab4fc	journal	April 2018
Galactic Archeology with the AEGIS Survey: The Evolution of Carbon and Iron in the Galactic Halo Yoon, Jinmi; Beers, Timothy C.; Dietz, Sarah The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 861, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaccea	journal	July 2018
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In Disguise or Out of Reach: First Clues about In Situ and Accreted Stars in the Stellar Halo of the Milky Way from Gaia DR2 Haywood, M.; Di Matteo, P.; Lehnert, M. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad235	journal	August 2018
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Detailed Abundances in the Ultra-faint Magellanic Satellites Carina II and III Ji, A. P.; Li, T. S.; Simon, J. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6213	journal	January 2020
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The R -Process Alliance: First Magellan/MIKE Release from the Southern Search for R -process-enhanced Stars Ezzeddine, Rana; Rasmussen, Kaitlin; Frebel, Anna The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 898, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9d1a	journal	August 2020
MINESweeper: Spectrophotometric Modeling of Stars in the Gaia Era Cargile, Phillip A.; Conroy, Charlie; Johnson, Benjamin D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 900, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aba43b	journal	August 2020
A Diffuse Metal-poor Component of the Sagittarius Stream Revealed by the H3 Survey Johnson, Benjamin D.; Conroy, Charlie; Naidu, Rohan P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 900, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abab08	journal	September 2020
The Origin of Elements from Carbon to Uranium Kobayashi, Chiaki; Karakas, Amanda I.; Lugaro, Maria The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 900, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abae65	journal	September 2020
Evidence from the H3 Survey That the Stellar Halo Is Entirely Comprised of Substructure Naidu, Rohan P.; Conroy, Charlie; Bonaca, Ana The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 901, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abaef4	journal	September 2020
Discovery of 18 Stars with −3.10 < [Fe/H] < −1.45 in the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy* Chiti, Anirudh; Hansen, Kylie Y.; Frebel, Anna The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 901, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abb1ae	journal	October 2020
S ⁵: The Destruction of a Bright Dwarf Galaxy as Revealed by the Chemistry of the Indus Stellar Stream Hansen, Terese T.; Ji, Alexander P.; Da Costa, Gary S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 915, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abfc54	journal	July 2021
Evidence of a Dwarf Galaxy Stream Populating the Inner Milky Way Halo Malhan, Khyati; Yuan, Zhen; Ibata, Rodrigo A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 920, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1675	journal	October 2021
APOGEE Chemical Abundance Patterns of the Massive Milky Way Satellites Hasselquist, Sten; Hayes, Christian R.; Lian, Jianhui The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 923, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac25f9	journal	December 2021
Reconstructing the Last Major Merger of the Milky Way with the H3 Survey Naidu, Rohan P.; Conroy, Charlie; Bonaca, Ana The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 923, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2d2d	journal	December 2021
Simultaneous Constraints on the Star Formation History and Nucleosynthesis of Sculptor dSph de los Reyes, Mithi A. C.; Kirby, Evan N.; Ji, Alexander P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 925, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac332b	journal	January 2022
Clearing the Hurdle: The Mass of Globular Cluster Systems as a Function of Host Galaxy Mass Eadie, Gwendolyn M.; Harris, William E.; Springford, Aaron The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 926, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac33b0	journal	February 2022
The Global Dynamical Atlas of the Milky Way Mergers: Constraints from Gaia EDR3–based Orbits of Globular Clusters, Stellar Streams, and Satellite Galaxies Malhan, Khyati; Ibata, Rodrigo A.; Sharma, Sanjib The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 926, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4d2a	journal	February 2022
Four-hundred Very Metal-poor Stars Studied with LAMOST and Subaru. II. Elemental Abundances Li, Haining; Aoki, Wako; Matsuno, Tadafumi The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 931, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6514	journal	June 2022
Reconstructing the Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus Using Its Stars and Globular Clusters Limberg, Guilherme; Souza, Stefano O.; Pérez-Villegas, Angeles The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 935, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8159	journal	August 2022
Gastro Library. I. The Simulated Chemodynamical Properties of Several Gaia–Sausage–Enceladus-like Stellar Halos Amarante, João A. S.; Debattista, Victor P.; Beraldo E. Silva, Leandro The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 937, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8b0d	journal	September 2022
Phase-space Properties and Chemistry of the Sagittarius Stellar Stream Down to the Extremely Metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≲ −3) Regime Limberg, Guilherme; Queiroz, Anna B. A.; Perottoni, Hélio D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 946, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb694	journal	March 2023
On the Hunt for the Origins of the Orphan–Chenab Stream: Detailed Element Abundances with APOGEE and Gaia Hawkins, Keith; Price-Whelan, Adrian M.; Sheffield, Allyson A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 948, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb698	journal	May 2023
The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar, and APOGEE-2 Data The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 259, Issue 2, p. 35 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac4414	journal	March 2022
Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9	journal	October 2017
Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c	journal	October 2017
Origin of the Excess of High-energy Retrograde Stars in the Galactic Halo Matsuno, Tadafumi; Aoki, Wako; Suda, Takuma The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec0	journal	April 2019
Multiple Components of the Jhelum Stellar Stream Bonaca, Ana; Conroy, Charlie; Price-Whelan, Adrian M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab36ba	journal	August 2019
A Low-mass Stellar-debris Stream Associated with a Globular Cluster Pair in the Halo Yuan, Zhen; Chang, Jiang; Beers, Timothy C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 898, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aba49f	journal	July 2020
Elevated r-process Enrichment in Gaia Sausage and Sequoia Aguado, David S.; Belokurov, Vasily; Myeong, G. C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 908, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abdbb8	journal	February 2021
Orbital Clustering Identifies the Origins of Galactic Stellar Streams Bonaca, Ana; Naidu, Rohan P.; Conroy, Charlie The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 909, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abeaa9	journal	March 2021
Abundance Patterns of α and Neutron-capture Elements in the Helmi Stream Limberg, Guilherme; Santucci, Rafael M.; Rossi, Silvia The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 913, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac0056	journal	June 2021
Zero-metallicity Hypernova Uncovered by an Ultra-metal-poor Star in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy* Skúladóttir, Ása; Salvadori, Stefania; Amarsi, Anish M. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 915, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac0dc2	journal	July 2021
Two Sites of r-process Production Assessed on the Basis of the Age-tagged Abundances of Solar Twins Tsujimoto, Takuji The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 920, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac2c75	journal	October 2021
Typhon: A Polar Stream from the Outer Halo Raining through the Solar Neighborhood Tenachi, Wassim; Oria, Pierre-Antoine; Ibata, Rodrigo The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 935, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac874f	journal	August 2022
Linemake: An Atomic and Molecular Line List Generator Placco, Vinicius M.; Sneden, Christopher; Roederer, Ian U. Research Notes of the AAS, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3847/2515-5172/abf651	journal	April 2021
Live Fast, Die $α$-Enhanced: The Mass-Metallicity-$α$ Relation of the Milky Way's Disrupted Dwarf Galaxies Naidu, Rohan P.; Conroy, Charlie; Bonaca, Ana arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2204.09057	preprint	January 2022
A Tale Of Tidal Tales In The Milky Way Casey, Andrew R. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.49493	text	January 2014

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