Comparing models for a unitary black hole $S$ matrix

Journal Article · 22 April 2024 · Physical Review. D.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.084055 · OSTI ID:2340191

Giddings, Steven B.

This paper compares features, challenges, and puzzles of different models for a unitary black hole $S$ -matrix, focusing on both recent nonisometric models, as well as “nonviolent unitarization,” which is based on new quantum interactions of a black hole. As a foundation for comparison, the description of real-time Hawking evolution is first overviewed, including leading effects of gravitational dressing and backreaction. Connection is then made to qubit models for evolution, and some technology is outlined to facilitate their description. Important features of both nonisometric models and nonviolent unitarization are investigated in qubit models, which illustrate essential differences between the respective approaches. The nonisometric models present puzzles for understanding evolution of internal outgoing excitations, which can be excited by interactions such as particle decay. Qubit models for nonviolent unitarization are further developed, and nicely illustrate aspects of that approach. Some remaining questions in generalizing to more complete models for evolution are discussed. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

• Research Organization: Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC)
• Grant/Contract Number: SC0011702
• OSTI ID: 2340191
• Journal Information: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 109; ISSN PRVDAQ; ISSN 2470-0010
• Publisher: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English