Early Detection of Li-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Using Commercial Diagnostic Technologies

Torres-Castro, Loraine; Bates, Alex Martin; Johnson, Nathan Brenner; Quintana, Genaro; Gray, Lucas Samuel

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ad2440

Title: Early Detection of Li-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Using Commercial Diagnostic Technologies

Journal Article · 13 February 2024 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad2440 · OSTI ID:2338255

^[1];

^[1]; Quintana, Genaro ^[1]; Gray, Lucas Samuel ^[1]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

The rate of electric vehicle (EV) adoption, powered by the Li-ion battery, has grown exponentially; largely driven by technological advancements, consumer demand, and global initiatives to reduce carbon emissions. As a result, it is imperative to understand the state of stability (SoS) of the cells inside an EV battery pack. That understanding will enable the warning of or prevention against catastrophic failures that can lead to serious injury or even, loss of life. The present work explores rapid electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) coupled with gas sensing technology as diagnostics to monitor cells and packs for failure markers. These failure markers can then be used for onboard assessment of SoS. Experimental results explore key changes in single cells and packs undergoing thermal or electrical abuse. Rapid EIS showed longer warning times, followed by VOC sensors, and then H₂ sensors. While rapid EIS gives the longest warning time, with the failure marker often appearing before the cell vents, the reliability of identifying impedance changes in single cells within a pack decreases as the pack complexity increases. This provides empirical evidence to support the significant role that cell packaging and battery engineering intricacies play in monitoring the SoS.

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Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 2338255

Report Number(s):: SAND--2024-04768J

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 171; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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