A hybrid topological quantum state in an elemental solid

Hossain, Md Shafayat; Schindler, Frank; Islam, Rajibul; Muhammad, Zahir; Jiang, Yu-Xiao; Cheng, Zi-Jia; Zhang, Qi; Hou, Tao; Chen, Hongyu; Litskevich, Maksim; Casas, Brian; Yin, Jia-Xin; Cochran, Tyler A.; Yahyavi, Mohammad; Yang, Xian P.; Balicas, Luis; Chang, Guoqing; Zhao, Weisheng; Neupert, Titus; Hasan, M. Zahid

doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07203-8

Title: A hybrid topological quantum state in an elemental solid

Journal Article · 10 April 2024 · Nature (London)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07203-8 · OSTI ID:2337943

Hossain, Md Shafayat ^[1];

^[2]; Islam, Rajibul ^[3];

^[4];

^[5]; Cheng, Zi-Jia ^[5]; Zhang, Qi ^[5]; Hou, Tao ^[6]; Chen, Hongyu ^[6];

^[5]; Casas, Brian ^[7];

^[5];

^[5]; Yahyavi, Mohammad ^[6];

^[5];

^[7];

^[6];

^[4]; Neupert, Titus ^[8];

^[9]

Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); Florida State University
Imperial College, London (United Kingdom)
Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Warsaw (Poland). International Research Centre MagTop. Institute of Physics; Univ. of Alabama, Birmingham, AL (United States)
Beihang University, Hefei (China)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Nanyang Technological Univ. (Singapore)
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States). National High Magnetic Field Lab. (MagLab)
Univ. of Zurich (Switzerland)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Quantum Science Center (QSC)

Topology and interactions are foundational concepts in the modern understanding of quantum matter. Their nexus yields three important research directions: (1) the competition between distinct interactions, as in several intertwined phases, (2) the interplay between interactions and topology that drives the phenomena in twisted layered materials and topological magnets, and (3) the coalescence of several topological orders to generate distinct novel phases. The first two examples have grown into major areas of research, although the last example remains mostly unexplored, mainly because of the lack of a material platform for experimental studies. Here, using tunnelling microscopy, photoemission spectroscopy and a theoretical analysis, we unveil a ‘hybrid’ topological phase of matter in the simple elemental-solid arsenic. Through a unique bulk-surface-edge correspondence, we uncover that arsenic features a conjoined strong and higher-order topology that stabilizes a hybrid topological phase. Although momentum-space spectroscopy measurements show signs of topological surface states, real-space microscopy measurements unravel a unique geometry of topologically induced step-edge conduction channels revealed on various natural nanostructures on the surface. Using theoretical models, we show that the existence of gapless step-edge states in arsenic relies on the simultaneous presence of both a non-trivial strong Z₂ invariant and a non-trivial higher-order topological invariant, which provide experimental evidence for hybrid topology. Finally, our study highlights pathways for exploring the interplay of different band topologies and harnessing the associated topological conduction channels in engineered quantum or nano-devices.

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Research Organization:: Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States); National Quantum Information Science (QIS) Research Centers (United States). The Quantum Science Center (QSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF); National Science Foundation (NSF); Swiss National Science Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0002613; FG02-05ER46200

OSTI ID:: 2337943

Journal Information:: Nature (London), Journal Name: Nature (London) Journal Issue: 8008 Vol. 628; ISSN 0028-0836

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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