Contribution of expanded marine sulfur chemistry to the seasonal variability of dimethyl sulfide oxidation products and size-resolved sulfate aerosol

Tashmim, Linia; Porter, William C.; Chen, Qianjie; Alexander, Becky; Fite, Charles H.; Holmes, Christopher D.; Pierce, Jeffrey R.; Croft, Betty; Ishino, Sakiko

doi:10.5194/acp-24-3379-2024

Title: Contribution of expanded marine sulfur chemistry to the seasonal variability of dimethyl sulfide oxidation products and size-resolved sulfate aerosol

Journal Article · 18 March 2024 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3379-2024 · OSTI ID:2336702

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Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ. (Hong Kong)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States)
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)
Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS (Canada)
Kanazawa Univ. (Japan)

Marine emissions of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and the subsequent formation of its oxidation products methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) are well-known natural precursors of atmospheric aerosols, contributing to particle mass and cloud formation over ocean and coastal regions. Despite a long recognized and well-studied role in the marine troposphere, DMS oxidation chemistry remains a work in progress within many current air quality and climate models, with recent advances exploring heterogeneous chemistry and uncovering previously unknown intermediate species. With the identification of additional DMS oxidation path ways and intermediate species that influence the eventual fate of DMS, it is important to understand the impact of these pathways on the overall sulfate aerosol budget and aerosol size distribution. In this work, we update and evaluate the DMS oxidation mechanism of the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem by implementing expanded DMS oxidation pathways in the model. These updates include gas- and aqueous-phase reactions, the formation of the intermediates dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanesulfinic acid (MSIA), and cloud loss and aerosol uptake of the recently quantified intermediate hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF). We find that this updated mechanism collectively decreases the global mean surface-layer gas-phase sulfur dioxide (SO₂) mixing ratio by 40 % and enhances the sulfate aerosol ($$SO^{2-}_{4}$$) mixing ratio by 17 %. We further perform sensitivity analyses exploring the contribution of cloud loss and aerosol uptake of HPMTF to the overall sulfur budget. Comparing modeled concentrations to available observations, we find improved biases relative to previous studies. To quantify the impacts of these chemistry updates on global particle size distributions and the mass concentration, we use the TwO-Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) aerosol microphysics module coupled to GEOS-Chem and find that changes in particle formation and growth affect the size distribution of aerosol. With this new DMS-oxidation scheme, the global annual mean surface-layer number concentration of particles with diameters smaller than 80 nm decreases by 16.8 %, with cloud loss processes related to HPMTF being mostly responsible for this reduction. However, the global annual mean number of particles larger than 80 nm (corresponding to particles capable of acting as cloud condensation nuclei, CCN) increases by 3.8 %, suggesting that the new scheme promotes seasonal particle growth to these sizes.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Center

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Hong Kong Research Grants Council

Contributing Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0021208

OSTI ID:: 2336702

Journal Information:: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online), Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 24; ISSN 1680-7324

Publisher:: Copernicus Publications, EGUCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Stable sulphate clusters as a source of new atmospheric particles Kulmala, Markku; Pirjola, Liisa; Mäkelä, Jyrki M. Nature, Vol. 404, Issue 6773 https://doi.org/10.1038/35003550	journal	March 2000
The Role of Multiphase Chemistry in the Oxidation of Dimethylsulphide (DMS). A Latitude Dependent Analysis Campolongo, F.; Saltelli, A.; Jensen, N. R. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, Vol. 32, Issue 3, p. 327-356 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006154618511	journal	March 1999
Dimethyl sulfide control of the clean summertime Arctic aerosol and cloud Leaitch, W. Richard; Sharma, Sangeeta; Huang, Lin Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, Vol. 1 https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000017	journal	December 2013
Sulfate formation in sea-salt aerosols: Constraints from oxygen isotopes Alexander, B. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, Issue D10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005659	journal	January 2005
Characterization of CDOM in an organic-rich river and surrounding coastal ocean in the South Atlantic Bight Kowalczuk, Piotr; Cooper, William J.; Whitehead, Robert F. Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries, Vol. 65, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-003-0678-1	journal	December 2003
Modeled methanesulfonic acid (MSA) deposition in Antarctica and its relationship to sea ice: MODELED MSA DEPOSITION IN ANTARCTICA Hezel, P. J.; Alexander, B.; Bitz, C. M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 116, Issue D23 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016383	journal	December 2011
Predicting global aerosol size distributions in general circulation models Adams, Peter J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, Issue D19 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001010	journal	January 2002
An improved parameterization for sulfuric acid–water nucleation rates for tropospheric and stratospheric conditions Vehkamäki, H. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, Issue D22 https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD002184	journal	January 2002
Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model description and evaluation Bey, Isabelle; Jacob, Daniel J.; Yantosca, Robert M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 106, Issue D19 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000807	journal	October 2001
Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume I - gas phase reactions of O_x, HO_x, NO_x and SO_x species Atkinson, R.; Baulch, D. L.; Cox, R. A. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-1461-2004	journal	January 2004
A global three-dimensional model of tropospheric sulfate Chin, Mian; Jacob, Daniel J.; Gardner, Geraldine M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 101, Issue D13 https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD01221	journal	August 1996
Modeling the observed tropospheric BrO background: Importance of multiphase chemistry and implications for ozone, OH, and mercury: MODELING THE TROPOSPHERIC BrO BACKGROUND Schmidt, J. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Horowitz, H. M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 121, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024229	journal	October 2016

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