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Title: The increasing threat of Rift Valley fever virus globalization: strategic guidance for protection and preparation

Journal Article · · Journal of Medical Entomology
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [4];  [1]
  1. US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Washington, DC (United States). Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
  2. US Dept. of Homeland Security (DHS), Manhattan, KS (United States). National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF)
  3. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  4. EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) (Bunyavirales: Phlebovirus) is a prominent vector-borne zoonotic disease threat to global agriculture and public health. Risks of introduction into nonendemic regions are tied to changing climate regimes and other dynamic environmental factors that are becoming more prevalent, as well as virus evolutionary factors and human/animal movement. Endemic to the African continent, RVFV has caused large epizootics at the decadal scale since the early 20th century but has spread to the Arabian Peninsula and shows increasing patterns of interepizootic transmission on the annual scale. This virus can be transmitted by mosquitoes as well as through direct contact with infected tissues and can cause sporadic to widespread morbidity and mortality in domestic ungulate livestock as well as humans. High viremias in infected livestock moved for legal and illegal trade as well as in infected mosquitoes or human travelers can spread this virus worldwide. With increasing global commerce, it is likely RVFV will be introduced to new areas with suitable hosts, mosquito vector species, and environments. However, the strong mosquito component of RVFV epidemiology combined with advancements in vaccines, diagnostics, and virus evolutionary factors create opportunities for strategies to leverage models of connectivity among potential source and emerging regions to target surveillance and mitigation activities to reduce the risk of RVFV introduction, or contain the virus should it be introduced, into new regions.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725
OSTI ID:
2336682
Journal Information:
Journal of Medical Entomology, Journal Name: Journal of Medical Entomology Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 60; ISSN 0022-2585
Publisher:
Oxford University Press - Entomological Society of AmericaCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (4)

Genomic surveillance of Rift Valley fever virus: from sequencing to lineage assignment journal July 2022
Influencia del cambio climático en la epidemiología y el control de la fiebre del Valle del Rift: -EN- The impact of climate change on the epidemiology and control of Rift Valley fever -FR- Les conséquences du changement climatiques sur l'épidémiologie et la prophylaxie de la fièvre de la Valle du Rift -ES- journal August 2008
Rift Valley Fever – epidemiological update and risk of introduction into Europe journal March 2020
Prediction, Assessment of the Rift Valley Fever Activity in East and Southern Africa 2006–2008 and Possible Vector Control Strategies journal August 2010

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60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
arbovirus transmission
climate change
control
detection
monitoring