Sulphate resistance of low‐clinker engineered cementitious composites examined by MicroXRF imaging

Szeto, Connor; Kurtis, Kimberly E.

doi:10.1111/jmi.13303

Title: Sulphate resistance of low‐clinker engineered cementitious composites examined by MicroXRF imaging

Journal Article · 09 April 2024 · Journal of Microscopy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.13303 · OSTI ID:2335976

^[1]; Kurtis, Kimberly E. ^[1]

School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA

Abstract Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) are a class of high‐performing fibre‐reinforced cementitious materials recognised for their increased ductility and durability compared to conventional cement‐based materials, owing to their autogenously controlled tight crack widths, even when subjected to high strains. To reduce ECC's environmental impact, this research examines the use of a low‐clinker binder − limestone‐calcined clay cement (LC3) − as an alternative to portland cement (PC), along with fly ash to further reduce the clinker proportion and the embodied CO ₂ of the formulations. In conventional concrete, LC3 hydrates to a denser microstructure resulting from the synergistic reaction between limestone and calcined clay. At the lower water contents typical of ECC and with the presence of fly ash, the influence of the binder composition on the microstructure is difficult to anticipate. To examine the influence of these compositional variables on microstructure, permeability and durability, the sulphate resistance of LC3‐based ECC is explored. Specifically, the ECC‐LC3 blends are designed with high clinker replacement rate of 75% by mass of binder and contain either conventional fly ash or reclaimed fly ash at 50% by mass of binder. Expansion of ECC‐LC3 samples subjected to standard sodium sulphate test conditions was measured up to 12 months and the depth of penetration of sulphates into the ECC‐LC3 of varying compositions was quantified using micro‐X‐Ray Fluorescence (microXRF) imaging and modelling. The expansion results show that the ECC‐LC3 formulations performed better than the PC samples and can provide adequate resistance to external sulphate attack, even when reclaimed fly ashes are used in place of the conventional ash. In addition, the shallow penetration of sulphate into these cementitious composites demonstrates the low diffusion coefficients values that were determined using the quantitative data from MicroXRF imaging.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: NONE; AR0001141

OSTI ID:: 2335976

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2335978

Journal Information:: Journal of Microscopy, Journal Name: Journal of Microscopy Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 294; ISSN 0022-2720

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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