Nature versus nurture: distinguishing effects from stellar processing and chemical evolution on carbon and nitrogen in red giant stars

Roberts, John D.; Pinsonneault, Marc H.; Johnson, Jennifer A.; Zinn, Joel C.; Weinberg, David H.; Vrard, Mathieu; Tayar, Jamie; Stello, Dennis; Mosser, Benoît; Johnson, James W.; Cao, Kaili; Stassun, Keivan G.; Stringfellow, Guy S.; Serenelli, Aldo; Mathur, Savita; Hekker, Saskia; García, Rafael A.; Elsworth, Yvonne P.; Corsaro, Enrico

doi:10.1093/mnras/stae820

Title: Nature versus nurture: distinguishing effects from stellar processing and chemical evolution on carbon and nitrogen in red giant stars

Journal Article · 27 March 2024 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae820 · OSTI ID:2335404

;

; Johnson, Jennifer A.;

; Weinberg, David H.; Vrard, Mathieu; Tayar, Jamie; Stello, Dennis; Mosser, Benoît;

;

; Mathur, Savita;

; García, Rafael A.; Elsworth, Yvonne P.; Corsaro, Enrico

ABSTRACT The surface [C/N] ratios of evolved giants are strongly affected by the first dredge-up (FDU) of nuclear-processed material from stellar cores. C and N also have distinct nucleosynthetic origins and serve as diagnostics of mixing and mass-loss. We use subgiants to find strong trends in the birth [C/N] with [Fe/H], which differ between the low-α and high-α populations. We demonstrate that these birth trends have a strong impact on the surface abundances after the FDU. This effect is neglected in current stellar models, which use solar-scaled C and N. We map out the FDU as a function of evolutionary state, mass, and composition using a large and precisely measured asteroseismic data set in first-ascent red giant branch (RGB) and core He-burning, or red clump (RC), stars. We describe the domains where [C/N] is a useful mass diagnostic and find that the RC complements the RGB and extends the range of validity to higher mass. We find evidence for extra mixing on the RGB below [Fe/H] = −0.4, matching literature results, for high-α giants, but there is no clear evidence of mixing in the low-α giants. The predicted signal of mass-loss is weak and difficult to detect in our sample. We discuss implications for stellar physics and stellar population applications.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 2335404

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 530; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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