Multiscale embedded printing of engineered human tissue and organ equivalents

Zhang, Cheng; Hua, Weijian; Mitchell, Kellen; Raymond, Lily; Delzendehrooy, Fatemeh; Wen, Lai; Do, Changwoo; Chen, Jihua; Yang, Ying; Linke, R. Gabe; Zhang, Zhengyi; Krishnan, Mena Asha; Kuss, Mitchell; Coulter, Ryan; Bandala, Erick; Liao, Yiliang; Duan, Bin; Zhao, Danyang; Chai, Guangrui; Jin, Yifei

doi:10.1073/pnas.2313464121

Title: Multiscale embedded printing of engineered human tissue and organ equivalents

Journal Article · 12 February 2024 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2313464121 · OSTI ID:2333752

^[1];

^[2]; Mitchell, Kellen ^[2]; Raymond, Lily ^[2]; Delzendehrooy, Fatemeh ^[3]; Wen, Lai ^[2];

^[4];

^[5]; Yang, Ying ^[2];

^[6]; Zhang, Zhengyi ^[7]; Krishnan, Mena Asha ^[8]; Kuss, Mitchell ^[8]; Coulter, Ryan ^[2]; Bandala, Erick ^[2]; Liao, Yiliang ^[3];

^[8]; Zhao, Danyang ^[9];

^[10];

^[2]

Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States); Dalian Univ. of Technology (China). Key Lab. for Precision & Non-traditional Machining Technology
Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)
Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
Children's Hospital and Research Center, Omaha, NE (United States)
Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology, Wuhan (China)
Univ. of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (United States)
Dalian Univ. of Technology (China). Key Lab. for Precision & Non-traditional Machining Technology
Shengjing Hospital of China Medical Univ., Shenyang (China)

Creating tissue and organ equivalents with intricate architectures and multiscale functional feature sizes is the first step toward the reconstruction of transplantable human tissues and organs. Existing embedded ink writing approaches are limited by achievable feature sizes ranging from hundreds of microns to tens of millimeters, which hinders their ability to accurately duplicate structures found in various human tissues and organs. In this study, a multiscale embedded printing (MSEP) strategy is developed, in which a stimuli-responsive yield-stress fluid is applied to facilitate the printing process. A dynamic layer height control method is developed to print the cornea with a smooth surface on the order of microns, which can effectively overcome the layered morphology in conventional extrusion-based three-dimensional bioprinting methods. Since the support bath is sensitive to temperature change, it can be easily removed after printing by tuning the ambient temperature, which facilitates the fabrication of human eyeballs with optic nerves and aortic heart valves with overhanging leaflets on the order of a few millimeters. The thermosensitivity of the support bath also enables the reconstruction of the full-scale human heart on the order of tens of centimeters by on-demand adding support bath materials during printing. Here, the proposed MSEP demonstrates broader printable functional feature sizes ranging from microns to centimeters, providing a viable and reliable technical solution for tissue and organ printing in the future.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2333752

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 121; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
engineered human tissues and organs
high-precision
multiple scale
yield-stress support bath

Title: Multiscale embedded printing of engineered human tissue and organ equivalents

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