Back in bismuth: controlling triplet energy transfer, phosphorescence, and radioluminescence via supramolecular interactions

Marwitz, Alexander C.; Nicholas, Aaron D.; Magar, Rajani Thapa; Dutta, Anuj K.; Swanson, Joel; Hartman, Tyler; Bertke, Jeffery A.; Rack, Jeffrey J.; Jacobsohn, Luiz G.; Knope, Karah E.

doi:10.1039/d3tc02040a

Title: Back in bismuth: controlling triplet energy transfer, phosphorescence, and radioluminescence via supramolecular interactions

Journal Article · 03 October 2023 · Journal of Materials Chemistry C

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3tc02040a · OSTI ID:2329265

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^[2]; Magar, Rajani Thapa ^[3];

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^[1]; Hartman, Tyler ^[1];

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Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Clemson Univ., SC (United States)

Five bismuth(III)-organic phases that consist of supramolecular assemblies of Bi-2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate structural units and substituted 1,10-phenanthroline molecules (R-Phen; R = H, 5-methyl, 5-chloro, 2,9-dimethyl, and 2,9-dicholoro) were synthesized. All five compounds exhibited solid-state photoluminescence. Whereas the phases containing 2,9-dimethylphenanthroline (Me₂Phen) and 2,9-dichlorophenanthroline (Cl₂Phen) displayed solely phosphorescence, the structures built from 5-methylphenanthroline and 5-chlorophenanthroline showed exclusively fluorescence. The remaining phase, consisting of phenanthrolinium, exhibited both fluorescence and phosphoresence. It was determined that phosphorescence arises from triplet state emission (T₁ → S₀) of substituted R-Phen units while fluorescence originates from Bi(III) coordinated pyrdinedicarboxylate ligands. Bismuth induces spin–orbit coupling for triplet state population and additionally acts as a heavy metal attenuator for X-ray luminescence (radioluminescence). The electronic structure was mapped and excitation pathway investigated via density functional theory calculations. Computational findings indicate favorable conditions for triplet energy transfer from donor Bi(III)-organic units to acceptor R-Phen derivatives. It is proposed that for the phosphorescent compounds, strong π–π interactions promote electron transfer, whereas the compounds that exhibit purely fluorescence lack any such π–π interactions and undergo triplet energy transfer. In conclusion, these results provide a useful platform for probing structure–property relationships of luminescent bismuth-organic compounds, and specifically highlights the role of noncovalent interactions in achieving room temperature phosphorescence and radioluminescence.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; DMR-2203658; DMR-1653016

OSTI ID:: 2329265

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2332967

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-185806

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 11, Issue 42; ISSN 2050-7526

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
bismuth
radioluminescence
luminescence
phosphorescence
electronic structure calculations
supramolecular interactions
electron transfer
actinide chemistry
triplet energy transfer

CCDC 2252252: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination C., Marwitz, Alexander; D., Nicholas, Aaron; Thapa, Magar, Rajani https://doi.org/10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2fln90 The current record is supplemented by this dataset	dataset	January 2023
CCDC 2252253: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination C., Marwitz, Alexander; D., Nicholas, Aaron; Thapa, Magar, Rajani https://doi.org/10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2flnb1 The current record is supplemented by this dataset	dataset	January 2023
CCDC 2252254: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination C., Marwitz, Alexander; D., Nicholas, Aaron; Thapa, Magar, Rajani https://doi.org/10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2flnc2 The current record is supplemented by this dataset	dataset	January 2023
CCDC 2252255: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination C., Marwitz, Alexander; D., Nicholas, Aaron; Thapa, Magar, Rajani https://doi.org/10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2flnd3 The current record is supplemented by this dataset	dataset	January 2023
CCDC 2252256: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination C., Marwitz, Alexander; D., Nicholas, Aaron; Thapa, Magar, Rajani https://doi.org/10.5517/ccdc.csd.cc2flnf4 The current record is supplemented by this dataset	dataset	January 2023

Title: Back in bismuth: controlling triplet energy transfer, phosphorescence, and radioluminescence via supramolecular interactions

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