DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: A Risk Assessment Framework for Cyber-Physical Security in Distribution Grids with Grid-Edge DERs

Journal Article · · Energies
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en17071587 · OSTI ID:2328664

Integration of inverter-based distributed energy resources (DERs) is reshaping the landscape of distribution grids to fulfill the socioeconomic, environmental, and sustainability goals. Addressing the technological challenges of DER grid integration requires an adaptive communication layer for efficient DER management and control. This transition has given rise to a cyberphysical system (CPS) architecture within the distribution system, causing new vulnerabilities for cyberphysical attacks. To better address potential threats, this paper presents a comprehensive risk assessment framework for cyberphysical security in distribution grids with grid-edge DERs. The framework incorporates a detailed CPS model accounting for dynamic DER characteristics within the distribution grid. It identifies vulnerabilities in DER communication systems, models attack scenarios, and addresses communication latency crucial for inverter control timescales. Subsequently, the quantification of attack impacts employs an attack probability model including both the vulnerability and criticality of cyber components. The proposed risk assessment framework was validated through testing on the modified IEEE 13-node and 123-node test feeders.

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
EE0009339
OSTI ID:
2328664
Journal Information:
Energies, Journal Name: Energies Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 17; ISSN 1996-1073; ISSN ENERGA
Publisher:
MDPI AGCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
Switzerland
Language:
English

References (30)

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems: Vulnerability assessment and security recommendations journal February 2020
Real-time coordination of distributed energy resources for frequency control in microgrids with unreliable communication journal March 2018
Communication Infrastructures for Distributed Control of Power Distribution Networks journal May 2011
Bayesian Network Based C2P Risk Assessment for Cyber-Physical Systems journal January 2020
Hierarchical Control for Virtual Oscillator Based Grid-Connected and Islanded Microgrids journal January 2020
Distributed Load Sharing of an Inverter-Based Microgrid With Reduced Communication journal March 2018
Calculating multiple loadability points in the power flow solution space journal June 2023
A Voltage Inference Framework for Real-Time Observability in Active Distribution Grids conference July 2023
Distributed Energy Resources Integration Challenges in Low-Voltage Networks: Voltage Control Limitations and Risk of Cascading journal January 2013
Resilient Control and Analysis for DC Microgrid System Under DoS and Impulsive FDI Attacks journal September 2021
Cybersecurity for distributed energy resources and smart inverters journal December 2016
The impact of synchronous distributed control period on inverter-based cyber–physical microgrids stability with time delay journal November 2021
Optimal Restoration Strategy to Enhance the Resilience of Transmission System under Windstorms conference February 2020
Co-Estimation of State and FDI Attacks and Attack Compensation Control for Multi-Area Load Frequency Control Systems Under FDI and DoS Attacks journal May 2022
An overview of queuing delay and various delay based algorithms in networks journal June 2021
Challenges and Opportunities in Cyber-Physical Security of Highly DER-Penetrated Power Systems conference July 2022
Information-Energy Flow Computation and Cyber-Physical Sensitivity Analysis for Power Systems journal June 2017
Trustworthiness in Industrial IoT Systems Based on Artificial Intelligence journal February 2021
A Quantitative Risk Assessment Model for Distribution Cyber-Physical System Under Cyberattack journal March 2023
A direct approach for distribution system load flow solutions journal July 2003
Future low-inertia power systems: Requirements, issues, and solutions - A review journal May 2020
Quantitative Risk Assessment of Cyber Attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems using Attack Graphs conference May 2022
Coordinated Cyber Attacks in Distribution Grid with Distributed Energy Resources: Attacker Perspective conference April 2023
Distributed Load Restoration in Unbalanced Active Distribution Systems journal September 2019
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Cybersecurity Assessment of Wind Integrated Power Systems journal January 2020
Emerging Coordinated Cyber-Physical-Systems Attacks and Adaptive Restoration Strategies conference April 2023
Cyber–physical vulnerability and resiliency analysis for DER integration: A review, challenges and research needs journal October 2022
Fault Characteristics of Distributed Solar Generation journal April 2020
Decentralized Distribution System Restoration with Grid-Forming/Following Inverter-Based Resources conference July 2022
Network Parameter Coordinated False Data Injection Attacks Against Power System AC State Estimation journal March 2021