A Comprehensive Experimental Study on Microstructure‐Graded Graphite Anodes for Enhancing Fast‐Charging Capability of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Ahmadi, Soma; Maddipatla, Dinesh; Bazuin, Bradley J.; Atashbar, Massood Z.

doi:10.1002/aesr.202300213

Title: A Comprehensive Experimental Study on Microstructure‐Graded Graphite Anodes for Enhancing Fast‐Charging Capability of Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Journal Article · 24 March 2024 · Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aesr.202300213 · OSTI ID:2328660

Ahmadi, Soma ^[1]; Maddipatla, Dinesh ^[1]; Bazuin, Bradley J. ^[1];

^[1]

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Western Michigan University Kalamazoo MI 49008 USA

Lithium‐ion batteries with high gravimetric capacity density and improved cycle life performance under fast‐charging conditions are crucial for widespread electric vehicle (EV) adoption. This study investigates how designing graphite anode microstructure, specifically porosity, and particle‐size gradients, improves lithium‐ion (Li ⁺ ) transport during fast‐charging conditions. Three‐layered graphite anodes with varying porosity (24%, 36%, 46%) and particle size gradients (3, 5, 10 μm) were compared to a conventional single‐layered electrode in half‐cell configurations. At room temperature and high discharge rate (2C), both gradient structures showed significantly enhanced capacity retention (80% and 67% vs. 50%) compared to the conventional electrode, highlighting the effectiveness of microstructure engineering for fast charging. The study also investigated the temperature's impact on cycle life. After 200 cycles at 2°C and 45°C, all gradient structures demonstrated superior capacity retention (≈80%) compared to the conventional electrode (35%), suggesting the gradients mitigate degradation rate at high temperatures. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed superior Li+ diffusion and lower resistivity in gradient electrodes. Simulations explored the influence of gradient profiles on reaction kinetics across the electrode thickness. Overall, this research demonstrates that the fast‐charging capability of graphite electrodes can be greatly enhanced by engineering the electrode microstructure, thereby making EV technology more accessible and appealing.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: NONE; EE0009111

OSTI ID:: 2328660

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2328661

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research, Journal Name: Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 5; ISSN 2699-9412

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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