Effects of Warming and Elevated CO2 on Stomatal Conductance and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of C3 and C4 Coastal Wetland Species

Sendall, Kerrie M.; Muñoz, Cyd Meléndez; Ritter, Angela D.; Rich, Roy L.; Noyce, Genevieve L.; Megonigal, J. Patrick

doi:10.1007/s13157-024-01780-0

Title: Effects of Warming and Elevated CO₂ on Stomatal Conductance and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of C₃ and C₄ Coastal Wetland Species

Journal Article · 19 March 2024 · Wetlands

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-024-01780-0 · OSTI ID:2325308

^[1]; Muñoz, Cyd Meléndez ^[2]; Ritter, Angela D. ^[2]; Rich, Roy L. ^[3]; Noyce, Genevieve L. ^[3]; Megonigal, J. Patrick ^[3]

Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ (United States); Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA (United States)
Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ (United States)
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD (United States)

Coastal wetland communities provide valuable ecosystem services such as erosion prevention, soil accretion, and essential habitat for coastal wildlife, but are some of the most vulnerable to the threats of climate change. This work investigates the combined effects of two climate stressors, elevated temperature (ambient, +1.7 °C,+3.4 °C, and 5.1 °C) and elevated CO₂ (eCO₂), on leaf physiological traits of dominant salt marsh plant species. The research took place at the Salt Marsh Accretion Response to Temperature eXperiment (SMARTX) at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, which includes two plant communities: a C₃ sedge community and a C₄ grass community. Here we present data collected over five years on rates of stomatal conductance (gs), quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (F_v/F_m), and rates of electron transport (ETR_max). We found that both warming and eCO₂ caused declines in all traits, but the warming effects were greater for the C₃ sedge. This species showed a strong negative stomatal response to warming in 2017 and 2018 (28% and 17% reduction, respectively in+5.1 °C). However, in later years the negative response to warming was dampened to<7%, indicating that S. americanus was able to partially acclimate to the warming over time. In 2022, we found that sedges growing in the combined +5.1 °C eCO₂ plots exhibited more significant declines in g_s, F_v/F_m, and ETRmax than in either treatment individually. These results are important for predicting future trends in growth of wetland species, which serve as a large carbon sink that may help mitigate the effects of climate change.

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Research Organization:: Smithsonian Environmental Research Center

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0021112; SC0014413; SC0019110; NA18OAR4170084

OSTI ID:: 2325308

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2439693

Journal Information:: Wetlands, Vol. 44, Issue 4; ISSN 0277-5212

Publisher:: SpringerCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Effects of Warming and Elevated CO2 on Stomatal Conductance and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of C3 and C4 Coastal Wetland Species

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Title: Effects of Warming and Elevated CO₂ on Stomatal Conductance and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of C₃ and C₄ Coastal Wetland Species