Galaxy Clusters Discovered via the Thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect in the 500-square-degree SPTpol Survey

Journal Article · 09 February 2024 · The Open Journal of Astrophysics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21105/astro.2311.07512 · OSTI ID:2323480

Bleem, L. E. ^[1]; Klein, M.; Abbot, T. C.; Ade, P. R.; Aguena, M.; Alves, O.; Anderson, A. J.; Andrade-Oliveira, F.; Ansarinejad, B.; Archipley, M.; Ashby, M. N.; Austermann, J. E.; Bacon, D.; Beall, J. A.; Bender, A. N.; Benson, B. A.; Bianchini, F.; Bocquet, S.; Brooks, D.; Burke, D. L. ; Calzadilla, M.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Carnero Rosell, A.; Carretero, J.; Chang, C. L.; Chaubal, P.; Chiang, H. C.; Chou, T-L; Citron, R.; Corbett Moran, C.; Costanzi, M.; Constanzi, M.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; da Costa, L. N.; de Haan, T.; De Vicente, J.; Desai, S.; Dobbs, M. A.; Doel, P.; Everett, W.; Ferrero, I.; Flaugher, B.; Floyd, B.; Friedel, D.; Frieman, J.; Gallicchio, J.; Garc'ia-Bellido, J.; Gatti, M.; George, E. M.; Giannini, G.; Grandis, S.; Gruen, D.; Gruendl, R. A.; Gupta, N.; Gutierrez, G.; Halverson, N. W.; Hinton, S. R.; Hinton, S. R.; Holder, G. P.; Hollowood, D. L.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Honscheid, K.; Hrubes, J. D.; Huang, N.; Hubmayr, J.; Irwin, K. D.; Mena-Fernández, J.; James, D. J.; Kéruzoré, F.; Knox, L.; Kuehn, K.; Lahav, O.; Lee, A. T.; Lee, S.; Li, D.; Lowitz, A.; Marshal, J. L.; McDonald, M.; McMahon, J. J.; Menanteau, F.; Meyer, S. S.; Miquel, R.; Mohr, J. J.; Montgomery, J.; Myles, J.; Natoli, T.; Nibarger, J. P.; Noble, G. I.; Novosad, V.; Ogando, R. C.; Padin, S.; Patil, S.; Pereira, M. S.; Pieres, A.; Plazas Malag'on, A. A.; Pryke, C.; Reichardt, C. L.; Rodr'iguez-Monroy, M.; Romer, A. K.; Ruhl, J. E.; Saliwanchik, B. R.; Salvati, L.; Sanchez, E.; Saro, A.; Schaffer, K. K.; Schrabback, T.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.; Sievers, C.; Smecher, G.; Smith, M.; Somboonpanyakul, T.; Stalder, B.; Stark, A. A.; Suchyta, E.; Swanson, M. C.; Tarle, G.; To, C.; Tucker, C.; Veach, T.; Vieira, J. D.; Vincenzi, M.; Wang, G.; Weller, J.; Whitehorn, N.; Wiseman, P.; Wu, W. K.; Yefremenko, V.; Zebrowski, J. A.; Zhang, Y.

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1. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP); et al.

We present a catalog of 689 galaxy cluster candidates detected at significance ξ > 4 via their thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect signature in 95 and 150 GHz data from the 500-square-degree SPTpol survey. We use optical and infrared data from the Dark Energy Camera and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Spitzer satellites, to confirm 544 of these candidates as clusters with ~ 94% purity. The sample has an approximately redshift-independent mass threshold at redshift z > 0.25. The confirmed sample spans 1.5 × 10¹⁴ < M_500c < 9 × 10¹⁴ M_⊙/h₇₀ and 0.03 < z ≲ 1.6 in mass and redshift, respectively, with a median mass of 2.5×10¹⁴ M_⊙/h₇₀ and median redshift z = 0.7; 21% of the confirmed clusters are at z > 1. We use external radio data from the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS) to estimate contamination to the SZ signal from synchrotron sources. The contamination reduces the recovered ξ by a median value of 0.032, or ~ 0.8% of the ξ = 4 threshold value, and ~ 7% of candidates have a predicted contamination greater than Δξ = 1. With the exception of a small number of systems (< 1%), an analysis of clusters detected in single-frequency 95 and 150 GHz data shows no significant contamination of the SZ signal by emission from dusty or synchrotron sources. This cluster sample, representing the deepest SZ-selected cluster sample to date, will be a key component in upcoming astrophysical and cosmological analyses of clusters. In addition to the cluster catalog, we also release the millimeter-wave maps and associated data products used to produce this sample. These maps have depths of 5.3 (11.7) µK_CMB-arcmin at 150 (95) GHz and an effective angular resolution of 1. '2 (1. '7). The SPTpol products are available at https:// pole.uchicago.edu/public/data/sptpol_500d_clusters/index.html, and the NASA LAMBDA website. An interactive sky server with the SPTpol maps and Dark Energy Survey data release 2 images is also available at NCSA https://skyviewer.ncsa.illinois.edu.

• Research Organization: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Science Foundation
• Contributing Organization: South Pole Telescope (SPT) Program; DES Projects
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-07CH11359; AC02-06CH11357
• OSTI ID: 2323480
• Report Number(s): FERMILAB-PUB--23-571-PPD; DES--2023-0788; arXiv:2311.07512; oai:inspirehep.net:2722117
• Journal Information: The Open Journal of Astrophysics, Journal Name: The Open Journal of Astrophysics Vol. 7; ISSN 2565-6120
• Publisher: Maynooth Academic PublishingCopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English