Signatures of primordial energy injection from axion strings

Benabou, Joshua N.; Buschmann, Malte; Kumar, Soubhik; Park, Yujin; Safdi, Benjamin R.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.109.055005

Title: Signatures of primordial energy injection from axion strings

Journal Article · 05 March 2024 · Physical Review. D.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.109.055005 · OSTI ID:2318740

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Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)

Axion strings are horizon-size topological defects that may be produced in the early Universe. Ultralight axion-like particles may form strings that persist to temperatures below that of big bang nucleosynthesis. Such strings have been considered previously as sources of gravitational waves and cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization rotation. In this work we show, through analytic arguments and dedicated adaptive mesh refinement cosmological simulations, that axion strings deposit a subdominant fraction of their energy into high-energy Standard Model (SM) final states, for example, by the direct production of heavy radial modes that subsequently decay to SM particles. This high-energy SM radiation is absorbed by the primordial plasma, leading to novel signatures in precision big bang nucleosynthesis, the CMB power spectrum, and gamma-ray surveys. In particular, we show that CMB power spectrum data constrains axion strings with decay constants fa ≲10¹² GeV, up to model dependence on the ultraviolet completion, for axion masses m_a≲10^-29 eV; future CMB surveys could find striking evidence of axion strings with lower decay constants.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0007968; SC0019225; PHY-1915314; HEP-ERCAP0023978; DESC0007968; DESC0019225

OSTI ID:: 2318740

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2426900

Journal Information:: Physical Review. D., Vol. 109, Issue 5; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Signatures of primordial energy injection from axion strings

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