Assessment of the literature about Be-W mixed material layer formation in the fusion reactor environment

Lasa, Ane; Dasgupta, Dwaipayan; Baldwin, Matthew J.; Cusentino, Mary Alice; Hatton, Peter; Perez, Danny; Uberuaga, Blas P.; Yang, Li; Wirth, Brian D.

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/ad2c3c

Title: Assessment of the literature about Be-W mixed material layer formation in the fusion reactor environment

Journal Article · 29 February 2024 · Materials Research Express (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad2c3c · OSTI ID:2317697

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Abstract All plasma facing surfaces in a fusion reactor, whether initially pure or an alloy, will rapidly evolve into a mixed material due to plasma-induced erosion, migration and redeposition. Beryllium (Be) erosion from the main chamber, and its transport and deposition on to a tungsten (W) divertor results in the growth of mixed Be-W layers, which can evolve to form beryllides. These Be-W mixed materials exhibit generally less desirable properties than pure tungsten or pure beryllium, such as lower melting points. In order to better understand the parameter space for growth of these alloys, this paper reviews the literature on Be-W mixed material formation experiments—in magnetically confined fusion reactors, in linear plasma test stands, and during thin-film deposition—and on computational modeling of Be-W interactions, as well as briefly assesses the Be-W growth kinetics. We conclude that the following kinetic steps drive the material mixing: adsorption of the implanted/deposited ion on the metal surface; diffusion of the implanted/deposited ion from surface into the bulk, which is accelerated by defects; and loss of deposited material through erosion. Adsorption dominates (or prevents) material mixing in thin-film deposition experiments, whereas diffusion drives material mixing in plasma exposures due to the energetic ion implantation.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: NONE; SC0006661

OSTI ID:: 2317697

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2311010; OSTI ID: 2426826

Journal Information:: Materials Research Express (Online), Journal Name: Materials Research Express (Online) Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 11; ISSN 2053-1591

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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