Photon noise correlations in millimeter-wave telescopes

Hill, Charles A.; Kusaka, Akito

doi:10.1364/AO.504979

Title: Photon noise correlations in millimeter-wave telescopes

Journal Article · 21 February 2024 · Applied Optics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.504979 · OSTI ID:2317679

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Many modern millimeter and submillimeter (“mm-wave”) telescopes for astronomy are deploying more detectors by increasing the detector pixel density and, with the rise of lithographed detector architectures and high-throughput readout techniques, it is becoming increasingly practical to overfill the focal plane. However, when the pixel pitch p _pix is small compared to the product of the wavelength λ and the focal ratio F , or p _pix ≲1.2 F λ , the Bose term of the photon noise correlates between neighboring detector pixels due to the Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) effect. When this HBT effect is non-negligible, the array-averaged sensitivity scales with the detector count N _det less favorably than the uncorrelated limit of N _det ^−1/2 . In this paper, we present a general prescription to calculate this HBT correlation based on a quantum optics formalism and extend it to polarization-sensitive detectors. We then estimate the impact of HBT correlations on the sensitivity of a model mm-wave telescope and discuss the implications for a focal plane design.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC0205CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2317679

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2309772

Journal Information:: Applied Optics, Journal Name: Applied Optics Vol. 63 Journal Issue: 7; ISSN 1559-128X

Publisher:: Optical Society of AmericaCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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