DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: A Theory for Neutron Star and Black Hole Kicks and Induced Spins

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal

Abstract Using 20 long-term 3D core-collapse supernova simulations, we find that lower compactness progenitors that explode quasi-spherically due to the short delay to explosion experience smaller neutron star recoil kicks in the ∼100−200 km s −1 range, while higher compactness progenitors that explode later and more aspherically leave neutron stars with kicks in the ∼300−1000 km s −1 range. In addition, we find that these two classes are correlated with the gravitational mass of the neutron star. This correlation suggests that the survival of binary neutron star systems may in part be due to their lower kick speeds. We also find a correlation between the kick and both the mass dipole of the ejecta and the explosion energy. Furthermore, one channel of black hole birth leaves masses of ∼10 M , is not accompanied by a neutrino-driven explosion, and experiences small kicks. A second channel is through a vigorous explosion that leaves behind a black hole with a mass of ∼3.0 M kicked to high speeds. We find that the induced spins of nascent neutron stars range from seconds to ∼10 ms, but do not yet see a significant spin/kick correlation for pulsars. We suggest that if an initial spin biases the explosion direction, a spin/kick correlation would be a common byproduct of the neutrino mechanism of core-collapse supernovae. Finally, the induced spin in explosive black hole formation is likely large and in the collapsar range. This new 3D model suite provides a greatly expanded perspective and appears to explain some observed pulsar properties by default.

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
NONE; SC0018297
OSTI ID:
2316096
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 963; ISSN 0004-637X
Publisher:
American Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (95)

Evidence for alignment of the rotation and velocity vectors in pulsars - II. Further data and emission heights journal November 2007
Neutron Star Kicks by the Gravitational Tug-boat Mechanism in Asymmetric Supernova Explosions: Progenitor and Explosion Dependence journal March 2017
The collapse and three-dimensional explosion of three-dimensional massive-star supernova progenitor models journal December 2021
Maximum mass, moment of inertia and compactness of relativistic stars journal March 2016
45 years of rotation of the Crab pulsar journal November 2014
Applications of Machine Learning to Predicting Core-collapse Supernova Explosion Outcomes journal September 2022
A High-resolution Study of Presupernova Core Structure journal June 2018
Neutron star kicks – II. Revision and further testing of the conservation of momentum ‘kick’ model journal August 2018
Estimates of black hole natal kick velocities from observations of low-mass X-ray binaries journal December 2015
Fornax: A Flexible Code for Multiphysics Astrophysical Simulations journal February 2019
A Neutron Star with a Massive Progenitor in Westerlund 1 journal December 2005
X-Ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries journal September 2006
Core-Collapse Supernovae from 9 to 120 Solar Masses Based on Neutrino-Powered Explosions journal April 2016
Core-collapse supernova explosion theory journal January 2021
Gravitational Waves from Neutrino Emission Asymmetries in Core-collapse Supernovae journal September 2020
Are pulsars born as slow rotators? journal May 1986
On the Progenitors of Collapsars conference January 2003
Revival of a stalled supernova shock by neutrino heating journal August 1985
Towards an Understanding of the Resolution Dependence of Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations journal October 2019
Temporal and angular variations of 3D core-collapse supernova emissions and their physical correlations journal August 2019
The overarching framework of core-collapse supernova explosions as revealed by 3D fornax simulations journal November 2019
Possible Early Linear Acceleration of Proto-neutron Stars via Asymmetric Neutrino Emission in Core-collapse Supernovae journal July 2019
Birth and Evolution of Isolated Radio Pulsars journal May 2006
Simple recipes for compact remnant masses and natal kicks journal October 2020
Frontera: The Evolution of Leadership Computing at the National Science Foundation conference July 2020
Numerical simulations of the random angular momentum in convection – II. Delayed explosions of red supergiants following ‘failed’ supernovae journal August 2023
The Australia Telescope National Facility Pulsar Catalogue journal April 2005
The Birth of Neutron Stars and Black Holes journal September 1987
Evidence for alignment of the rotation and velocity vectors in pulsars journal December 2005
Hydrodynamical Neutron-star Kicks in Electron-capture Supernovae and Implications for the CRAB Supernova journal September 2018
Pulsational pair-instability supernovae: gravitational collapse, black hole formation, and beyond journal March 2022
Spin‐Kick Correlation in Neutron Stars: Alignment Conditions and Implications journal February 2007
The Galactic distribution of X-ray binaries and its implications for compact object formation and natal kicks journal January 2017
Neutron star kicks and their relationship to supernovae ejecta mass journal May 2016
The impact of fallback on the compact remnants and chemical yields of core-collapse supernovae journal May 2020
Three-dimensional simulations of neutrino-driven core-collapse supernovae from low-mass single and binary star progenitors journal January 2019
Angular Momentum Transport Within Evolved Low-Mass Stars journal May 2014
A systematic study of proto-neutron star convection in three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations journal January 2020
Neutron star's initial spin period distribution journal April 2013
Potential kick velocity distribution of black hole X-ray binaries and implications for natal kicks journal August 2019
Presupernova Evolution of Differentially Rotating Massive Stars Including Magnetic Fields journal June 2005
Features of the Acoustic Mechanism of Core‐Collapse Supernova Explosions journal January 2007
Binary population synthesis with probabilistic remnant mass and kick prescriptions journal October 2020
Comparing Neutron Star Kicks to Supernova Remnant Asymmetries journal July 2017
Neutron Star Kicks in Isolated and Binary Pulsars: Observational Constraints and Implications for Kick Mechanisms journal March 2006
Measuring the Progenitor Masses and Dense Circumstellar Material of Type II Supernovae journal April 2018
Birth Kick Distributions and the Spin‐Kick Correlation of Young Pulsars journal May 2007
Three-dimensional models of core-collapse supernovae from low-mass progenitors with implications for Crab journal June 2020
Three-dimensional supernova explosion simulations of 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, and 13-M⊙ stars journal February 2019
Dynamo action by differential rotation in a stably stratified stellar interior journal January 2002
An X-ray pulsar with a superstrong magnetic field in the soft γ-ray repeater SGR1806 − 20 journal May 1998
Pulsar Recoil and Gravitational Radiation Due to Asymmetrical Stellar Collapse and Explosion journal January 1996
Planetary Companions of Pulsars journal May 1970
Pulsar spins from an instability in the accretion shock of supernovae journal January 2007
Black Hole Formation Accompanied by the Supernova Explosion of a 40 M Progenitor Star journal October 2023
Kicks and induced spins of neutron stars at birth journal September 2022
Black Hole Formation and Fallback during the Supernova Explosion of a 40 M Star journal January 2018
Understanding Compact Object Formation and Natal Kicks. ii. the case of xte J1118 + 480 journal May 2009
The Spin Periods and Rotational Profiles of Neutron Stars at Birth journal May 2006
Intermediate-mass Elements in Young Supernova Remnants Reveal Neutron Star Kicks by Asymmetric Explosions journal March 2018
The observed velocity distribution of young pulsars journal December 2017
Multidimensional supernova simulations with approximative neutrino transport: I. Neutron star kicks and the anisotropy of neutrino-driven explosions in two spatial dimensions journal September 2006
The hydrodynamic origin of neutron star kicks: Neutron star kicks journal April 2012
The Pair-instability Mass Gap for Black Holes journal May 2021
Colloquium : Perspectives on core-collapse supernova theory journal February 2013
On the origin of the O and B-type stars with high velocities journal January 2001
On the natal kick of the black hole X-ray binary H 1705−250 journal October 2023
The essential character of the neutrino mechanism of core-collapse supernova explosions journal September 2022
High birth velocities of radio pulsars journal May 1994
Linear Growth of Spiral SASI Modes in Core‐Collapse Supernovae journal February 2007
Gravitational-wave signature of core-collapse supernovae journal May 2023
Effects of Neutrino‐driven Kicks on the Supernova Explosion Mechanism journal April 2006
Theoretical support for the hydrodynamic mechanism of pulsar kicks journal November 2010
Induced Rotation in Three-Dimensional Simulations of Core-Collapse Supernovae: Implications for Pulsar Spins journal April 2011
Initial spin periods of neutron stars in supernova remnants journal May 2012
Black Hole Formation in Fallback Supernova and the Spins of LIGO Sources journal July 2018
Formation of Double Neutron Star Systems journal September 2017
Characterizing the Gravitational Wave Signal from Core-collapse Supernovae journal April 2019
Birth kicks as the origin of pulsar rotation journal May 1998
Three-dimensional neutrino-driven supernovae: Neutron star kicks, spins, and asymmetric ejection of nucleosynthesis products journal April 2013
Precision Astrometry with the very long Baseline Array: Parallaxes and Proper Motions for 14 Pulsars journal May 2009
Pulsar Jets: Implications for Neutron Star Kicks and Initial Spins journal March 2001
Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger journal February 2016
The Velocity Distribution of Isolated Radio Pulsars journal March 2002
The spins of compact objects born from helium stars in binary systems journal February 2022
Neutron Star Population Dynamics. II. Three‐dimensional Space Velocities of Young Pulsars journal September 1998
Dimensional Dependence of the Hydrodynamics of Core-Collapse Supernovae journal February 2013
The Effects of Binary Evolution on the Dynamics of Core Collapse and Neutron Star Kicks journal September 2004
Evolution of 8-10 solar mass stars toward electron capture supernovae. I - Formation of electron-degenerate O + NE + MG cores journal February 1984
Slowing the spins of stellar cores journal February 2019
Acceleration of pulsars by asymmetric radiation journal October 1975
Magnetars journal August 2017
Black hole Formation in Failing Core-Collapse Supernovae journal March 2011
Long-term simulations of multi-dimensional core-collapse supernovae: Implications for neutron star kicks journal August 2019
Pulsar spin–velocity alignment: kinematic ages, birth periods and braking indices journal February 2013

Similar Records

Kicks and induced spins of neutron stars at birth
Journal Article · 2022 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:1895536

Formation and progenitor of PSR J0737-3039: New constraints on the supernova explosion forming pulsar B
Journal Article · 2006 · Physical Review. D, Particles Fields · OSTI ID:20870940

The dynamics and outcomes of rapid infall onto neutron stars
Journal Article · 1996 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:286168

Related Subjects