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Title: Constrained Optimization of Sensor Placement for Nuclear Digital Twins

Journal Article · · IEEE Sensors Journal
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
  2. Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

The deployment of extensive sensor arrays in nuclear reactors is infeasible due to challenging operating conditions and inherent spatial limitations. Strategically placing sensors within defined spatial constraints is essential for the reconstruction of reactor flow fields and the creation of nuclear digital twins. We develop a data-driven technique that incorporates constraints into an optimization framework for sensor placement, with the primary objective of minimizing reconstruction errors under noisy sensor measurements. The proposed greedy algorithm optimizes sensor locations over high-dimensional grids, adhering to user-specified constraints. We demonstrate the efficacy of optimized sensors by exhaustively computing all feasible configurations for a low-dimensional dynamical system. To validate our methodology, we apply the algorithm to the Out-of-Pile Testing and Instrumentation Transient Water Irradiation System (OPTI-TWIST) prototype capsule. This capsule is electrically heated to emulate the neutronic effect of the nuclear fuel. The TWIST prototype that will eventually be inserted in the Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), serves as a practical demonstration. The resulting sensor-based temperature reconstruction within OPTI-TWIST demonstrates minimized error, provides probabilistic bounds for noise-induced uncertainty, and establishes a foundation for communication between the digital twin and the experimental facility.

Research Organization:
Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; National Science Foundation (NSF)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC07-05ID14517; LDRD-22A1059-091FP; 2112085; Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD)
OSTI ID:
2315728
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 2396910; OSTI ID: 2429257
Report Number(s):
INL/JOU-24-79554-Rev000; TRN: US2500888
Journal Information:
IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 9; ISSN 1530-437X
Publisher:
IEEECopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS
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digital twins
optimization
reduced-order models
sensor placement
sparse sensing
spatial constraints
sensors
inductors
real-time systems
sensor phenomena and characterization