Using phenology to unravel differential soil water use and productivity in a semiarid savanna

Steiner, Blake; Scott, Russell L.; Hu, Jia; MacBean, Natasha; Richardson, Andrew; Moore, David J. P.

doi:10.1002/ecs2.4762

Title: Using phenology to unravel differential soil water use and productivity in a semiarid savanna

Journal Article · 24 February 2024 · Ecosphere

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4762 · OSTI ID:2315715

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ITS Center for Geospatial Science, Education, and Analytics, Old Dominion University Norfolk Virginia USA, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA‐Agricultural Research Service Tucson Arizona USA
School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
Department of Geography and Environment Western University London Ontario Canada, Department of Biology Western University London Ontario Canada
School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA

Abstract Savannas are water‐limited ecosystems characterized by two dominant plant types: trees and an understory primarily made up grass. Different phenology and root structures of these plant types complicate how savanna primary productivity responds to changes in water availability. We tested the hypothesis that productivity in savannas is controlled by the temporal and vertical distribution of soil water content (SWC) and differences in growing season length of understory and tree plant functional types. To quantify the relationship between tree, understory, and savanna‐wide phenology and productivity, we used PhenoCam and satellite observations surrounding an eddy covariance tower at a semiarid savanna site in Arizona, USA. We distinguished between SWC across two different depth intervals (shallow, <0–30 cm and deep, >30–100 cm). We found that tree greenness increased with SWC at both depths, while understory greenness was only sensitive to the shallower SWC measurements. Onset of ecosystem dormancy, estimated from satellite observations close to the eddy covariance tower, explained more variability in annual gross primary productivity (GPP) than in other phenometrics. Higher SWC led to an extended growing season, caused by delayed dormancy in trees, but the understory showed no evidence of delayed dormancy in wetter periods. We infer that the timing of ecosystem scale dormancy, driven by trees, is important in understanding changes in a savanna's GPP. These findings highlight the important effects of rainfall during the winter. These findings suggest that savanna GPP is conditional on different responses to moisture availability in each of the dominant vegetation components.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: NONE; SC0016011

OSTI ID:: 2315715

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2315716

Journal Information:: Ecosphere, Journal Name: Ecosphere Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 15; ISSN 2150-8925

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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