Lithium plating induced degradation during fast charging of batteries subjected to compressive loading

Gargh, Prashant P.; Sarkar, Abhishek; Nlebedim, Ikenna C.; Shrotriya, Pranav

doi:10.1016/j.est.2024.110701

Title: Lithium plating induced degradation during fast charging of batteries subjected to compressive loading

Journal Article · 18 February 2024 · Journal of Energy Storage

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.110701 · OSTI ID:2315008

Gargh, Prashant P. ^[1]; Sarkar, Abhishek ^[1]; Nlebedim, Ikenna C. ^[1]; Shrotriya, Pranav ^[1]

Iowa State University, Ames, IA (United States); Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)

Here we report the lithium plating associated capacity loss during fast charging of compressively loaded lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The charging and discharging of LIB under compressive loading during service may affect the cell performance or initiate localized defects in the electrodes. Pouch cells of capacity 20 mAh were compressively loaded to nominal pressures of 0–440 kPa and subjected to 10 cycles of fast charging at 1 C and 4 C. Experimental results show that cells charged at 4 C-rate experienced significant capacity fade, and applying compressive loads exacerbated the capacity loss. The coulombic efficiency study shows that active lithium loss was higher for the initial cycles before gradually reducing to a minimal capacity loss for the tenth charging cycle. The cell voltage relaxation immediately after charging was monitored to identify the stripping of plated lithium after fast charging cycles and showed that the duration of lithium stripping was higher for cells under mechanical compressive loading. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) characterization of the anode showed significantly higher lithium deposits on the anodes charged at a 4 C rate under compressive loads. These results indicate that applied mechanical compression causes increased lithium plating during fast charging of batteries.

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Research Organization:: Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11358

OSTI ID:: 2315008

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2369818

Report Number(s):: IS-J --11,275

Journal Information:: Journal of Energy Storage, Journal Name: Journal of Energy Storage Vol. 84; ISSN 2352-152X

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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