Save or spend? Diverging water‐use strategies of grasses and encroaching clonal shrubs

Keen, R. M.; Helliker, B. R.; McCulloh, K. A.; Nippert, J. B.

doi:10.1111/1365-2745.14276

Title: Save or spend? Diverging water‐use strategies of grasses and encroaching clonal shrubs

Journal Article · 22 February 2024 · Journal of Ecology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14276 · OSTI ID:2311201

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Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA, Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
Department of Botany University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA

Abstract Shrub encroachment is one of the primary threats to mesic grasslands around the world. This dramatic shift in plant cover has the potential to alter ecosystem‐scale water budgets and responses to novel rainfall regimes. Understanding divergent water‐use strategies among encroaching shrubs and the grasses they replace is critical for predicting shifts in ecosystem‐scale water dynamics as a result of shrub encroachment, particularly if drought events become more frequent and/or severe in the future. In this study, we assessed how water‐use traits of a rapidly encroaching clonal shrub ( Cornus drummondii ) and a dominant C ₄ grass ( Andropogon gerardii ) impact responses to changes in water availability in tallgrass prairie. We assessed intra‐annual change in depth of water uptake, turgor loss point and stomatal regulation in each species. Sampling took place at Konza Prairie Biological Station (northeastern KS, USA) during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. Cornus drummondii shifted from shallow to deep soil water sources across the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. This plasticity in depth of water uptake facilitated a ‘wasteful’ water‐use strategy in C. drummondii , where stomatal conductance and transpiration rates continued to increase even when no further gain in photosynthetic rate occurred. A. gerardii photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance were more variable through time and were more responsive to changes in leaf water potential than C. drummondii . However, intra‐annual adjustment of turgor loss point was more pronounced in C. drummondii (Δ π _TLP = −0.48 MPa ± 0.15 SD) than in A. gerardii (Δ π _TLP = −0.29 MPa ± 0.19 SD). Synthesis . These results suggest that C. drummondii is highly resilient to changes in water availability in surface soils and will likely remain unaffected by future droughts unless they are severe enough to reduce the availability of deep soil water. Given that clonal shrubs are key invaders of grasslands world‐wide, increased leaf‐level water loss is expected to accelerate ecosystem‐level drying as clonal shrub encroachment proceeds in mesic grasslands.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019037

OSTI ID:: 2311201

Journal Information:: Journal of Ecology, Journal Name: Journal of Ecology Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 112; ISSN 0022-0477

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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