Viscosities of the Baryon-Rich Quark-Gluon Plasma from Beam Energy Scan Data

Shen, Chun; Schenke, Björn; Zhao, Wenbin

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.132.072301

Title: Viscosities of the Baryon-Rich Quark-Gluon Plasma from Beam Energy Scan Data

Journal Article · 16 February 2024 · Physical Review Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.132.072301 · OSTI ID:2310279

^[1]; Schenke, Björn ^[2];

^[3]

Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). RIKEN Research Center
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

Here, this work presents the first Bayesian inference study of the (3 + 1)D dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and quark-gluon plasma viscosities using an event-by-event (3 + 1)D hydrodynamics + hadronic transport theoretical framework and data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Beam energy scan program. Robust constraints on initial state nuclear stopping and the baryon chemical potential-dependent shear viscosity of the produced quantum chromodynamic (QCD) matter are obtained. The specific bulk viscosity of the QCD matter is found to exhibit a preferred maximum around $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$ = 19.6 GeV . This result allows for the alternative interpretation of a reduction (and/or increase) of the speed of sound relative to that of the employed lattice-QCD based equation of state for net baryon chemical potential μ_B ~0.2(0.4) GeV .

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; SC0021969; AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2310279

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2341422; OSTI ID: 2474197

Report Number(s):: BNL-225270-2024-JAAM; TRN: US2409080

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Vol. 132, Issue 7; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (74)

Bayesian analysis of heavy ion collisions with the heavy ion computational framework Trajectum Nijs, Govert; van der Schee, Wilke; Gürsoy, Umut Physical Review C, Vol. 103, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.103.054909	journal	May 2021
Hydrodynamic elliptic and triangular flow in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76A TeV Qiu, Zhi; Shen, Chun; Heinz, Ulrich Physics Letters B, Vol. 707, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2011.12.041	journal	January 2012
Chiral crossover in QCD at zero and non-zero chemical potentials Bazavov, A.; Ding, H. -T.; Hegde, P. Physics Letters B, Vol. 795 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.05.013	journal	August 2019
Recent development of hydrodynamic modeling in heavy-ion collisions Shen, Chun; Yan, Li Nuclear Science and Techniques, Vol. 31, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-020-00829-z	journal	December 2020
Dynamical initialization and hydrodynamic modeling of relativistic heavy-ion collisions Shen, Chun; Schenke, Björn Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 982 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2018.08.007	journal	February 2019
Multisystem Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter Everett, D.; Ke, W.; Paquet, J. -F. Physical Review C, Vol. 103, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.103.054904	journal	May 2021
Bayesian estimation of the specific shear and bulk viscosity of the quark-gluon plasma with additional flow harmonic observables Parkkila, J. E.; Onnerstad, A.; Kim, D. J. Physical Review C, Vol. 104, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.104.054904	journal	November 2021
The horn, the hadron mass spectrum and the QCD phase diagram – the statistical model of hadron production in central nucleus-nucleus collisions Andronic, A.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Stachel, J. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 834, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.12.048	journal	March 2010
Microscopic models for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions Bass, S. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 41 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6410(98)00058-1	journal	January 1998
Shear viscosity and electric conductivity of a hot and dense QGP with a chiral phase transition Soloveva, Olga; Fuseau, David; Aichelin, Jörg Physical Review C, Vol. 103, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.103.054901	journal	May 2021
Future of the beam energy scan program at RHIC Odyniec, Grazyna EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol. 95 https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20149503027	journal	January 2015
New constraints for QCD matter from improved Bayesian parameter estimation in heavy-ion collisions at LHC Parkkila, J. E.; Onnerstad, A.; Taghavi, S. F. Physics Letters B, Vol. 835 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137485	journal	December 2022
Running the gamut of high energy nuclear collisions Schenke, Björn; Shen, Chun; Tribedy, Prithwish Physical Review C, Vol. 102, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.102.044905	journal	October 2020
STAR experiment results from the beam energy scan program at the RHIC Mohanty, Bedangadas Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 38, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/38/12/124023	journal	November 2011
Effects of bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering in heavy ion collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider Ryu, Sangwook; Paquet, Jean-François; Shen, Chun Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.034910	journal	March 2018
Building a testable shear viscosity across the QCD phase diagram McLaughlin, Emma; Rose, Jacob; Dore, Travis Physical Review C, Vol. 105, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.105.024903	journal	February 2022
Constraining the Equation of State of Superhadronic Matter from Heavy-Ion Collisions Pratt, Scott; Sangaline, Evan; Sorensen, Paul Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.202301	journal	May 2015
Erratum: 200 A GeV Au + Au Collisions Serve a Nearly Perfect Quark-Gluon Liquid [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 , 192301 (2011)] Song, Huichao; Bass, Steffen A.; Heinz, Ulrich Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.139904	journal	September 2012
Applying Bayesian parameter estimation to relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Simultaneous characterization of the initial state and quark-gluon plasma medium Bernhard, Jonah E.; Moreland, J. Scott; Bass, Steffen A. Physical Review C, Vol. 94, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.024907	journal	August 2016
Importance of the Bulk Viscosity of QCD in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions Ryu, S.; Paquet, J. -F.; Shen, C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.132301	journal	September 2015
The open science grid Pordes, Ruth; Petravick, Don; Kramer, Bill Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 78 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/78/1/012057	journal	July 2007
Maximum projection designs for computer experiments Joseph, V. Roshan; Gul, Evren; Ba, Shan Biometrika, Vol. 102, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asv002	journal	March 2015
Bayesian estimation of the specific shear and bulk viscosity of quark–gluon plasma Bernhard, Jonah E.; Moreland, J. Scott; Bass, Steffen A. Nature Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0611-8	journal	August 2019
Moving Forward to Constrain the Shear Viscosity of QCD Matter Denicol, Gabriel; Monnai, Akihiko; Schenke, Björn Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.212301	journal	May 2016
Phenomenological Constraints on the Transport Properties of QCD Matter with Data-Driven Model Averaging Everett, D.; Ke, W.; Paquet, J. -F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.242301	journal	June 2021
System Size, Energy, Pseudorapidity, and Centrality Dependence of Elliptic Flow Alver, B.; Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.242302	journal	June 2007
Shear viscosity in microscopic calculations of A+A collisions at energies available at the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) Teslyk, M.; Bravina, L.; Panova, O. Physical Review C, Vol. 101, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.101.014904	journal	January 2020
Estimation of the shear viscosity at finite net-baryon density from A + A collision data at s NN = 7.7 – 200 GeV Karpenko, Iu. A.; Huovinen, P.; Petersen, H. Physical Review C, Vol. 91, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.064901	journal	June 2015
3D structure of anisotropic flow in small collision systems at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Zhao, Wenbin; Ryu, Sangwook; Shen, Chun Physical Review C, Vol. 107, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.107.014904	journal	January 2023
Beam-energy-dependent two-pion interferometry and the freeze-out eccentricity of pions measured in heavy ion collisions at the STAR detector Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G. Physical Review C, Vol. 92, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.014904	journal	July 2015
Relativistic hadron-hadron collisions in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model Bleicher, M.; Zabrodin, E.; Spieles, C. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 25, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/25/9/308	journal	September 1999
Fluid behavior of a baryon-rich hadron resonance gas Denicol, Gabriel S.; Gale, Charles; Jeon, Sangyong Physical Review C, Vol. 88, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.88.064901	journal	December 2013
The BEST framework for the search for the QCD critical point and the chiral magnetic effect An, Xin; Bluhm, Marcus; Du, Lipei Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 1017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2021.122343	journal	January 2022
Get on the BAND Wagon: a Bayesian framework for quantifying model uncertainties in nuclear dynamics Phillips, D. R.; Furnstahl, R. J.; Heinz, U. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 48, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/abf1df	journal	May 2021
Pseudorapidity distribution and decorrelation of anisotropic flow within the open-computing-language implementation CLVisc hydrodynamics Pang, Long-Gang; Petersen, Hannah; Wang, Xin-Nian Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.064918	journal	June 2018
Designing computer experiments with multiple types of factors: The MaxPro approach Joseph, V. Roshan; Gul, Evren; Ba, Shan Journal of Quality Technology, Vol. 52, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/00224065.2019.1611351	journal	June 2019
The Road to Precision: Extraction of the Specific Shear Viscosity of the Quark-Gluon Plasma Shen, Chun; Heinz, Ulrich Nuclear Physics News, Vol. 25, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2015.1006502	journal	April 2015
Production of photons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions Paquet, Jean-François; Shen, Chun; Denicol, Gabriel S. Physical Review C, Vol. 93, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.044906	journal	April 2016
The Pilot Way to Grid Resources Using glideinWMS Sfiligoi, Igor; Bradley, Daniel C.; Holzman, Burt 2009 WRI World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering https://doi.org/10.1109/CSIE.2009.950	conference	March 2009
200 A GeV Au + Au Collisions Serve a Nearly Perfect Quark-Gluon Liquid Song, Huichao; Bass, Steffen A.; Heinz, Ulrich Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.192301	journal	May 2011
Bulk properties of the medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G. Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.044904	journal	October 2017
Multiparticle and charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider Schenke, Björn; Shen, Chun; Tribedy, Prithwish Physical Review C, Vol. 99, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.99.044908	journal	April 2019
Investigating the collision energy dependence of η / s in the beam energy scan at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider using Bayesian statistics Auvinen, Jussi; Bernhard, Jonah E.; Bass, Steffen A. Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.044905	journal	April 2018
Collective Flow and Viscosity in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions Heinz, Ulrich; Snellings, Raimond Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Vol. 63, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102212-170540	journal	October 2013
Hybrid Color Glass Condensate and hydrodynamic description of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider small system scan Schenke, Björn; Shen, Chun; Tribedy, Prithwish Physics Letters B, Vol. 803 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135322	journal	April 2020
Systematic measurements of identified particle spectra in pp , d + Au , and Au + Au collisions at the STAR detector Abelev, B. I.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z. Physical Review C, Vol. 79, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.79.034909	journal	March 2009
Transport in Strongly Coupled Quark Matter Hoyos, Carlos; Järvinen, Matti; Jokela, Niko Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.241601	journal	December 2020
Baryon rapidity loss and midrapidity stacking in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions Videbæk, F.; Hansen, Ole Physical Review C, Vol. 52, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.52.2684	journal	November 1995
Bayesian inference of the fluctuating proton shape Mäntysaari, Heikki; Schenke, Björn; Shen, Chun Physics Letters B, Vol. 833 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137348	journal	October 2022
QCD Crossover at Finite Chemical Potential from Lattice Simulations Borsanyi, Szabolcs; Fodor, Zoltan; Guenther, Jana N. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.052001	journal	July 2020
Indications for a Critical End Point in the Phase Diagram for Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter Lacey, Roy A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.142301	journal	April 2015
Charged-particle pseudorapidity distributions in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 62.4 GeV Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Ballintijn, M. Physical Review C, Vol. 74, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.74.021901	journal	August 2006
Transport coefficients of the quark-gluon plasma at the critical point and across the first-order line Grefa, Joaquin; Hippert, Mauricio; Noronha, Jorge Physical Review D, Vol. 106, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.034024	journal	August 2022
Event-by-event fluctuations in a perturbative QCD + saturation + hydrodynamics model: Determining QCD matter shear viscosity in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions Niemi, H.; Eskola, K. J.; Paatelainen, R. Physical Review C, Vol. 93, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.024907	journal	February 2016
Transverse Momentum Differential Global Analysis of Heavy-Ion Collisions Nijs, Govert; van der Schee, Wilke; Gürsoy, Umut Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.202301	journal	May 2021
Elliptic and Triangular Flow in Event-by-Event D = 3 + 1 Viscous Hydrodynamics Schenke, Björn; Jeon, Sangyong; Gale, Charles Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.042301	journal	January 2011
Search for the QCD critical point with fluctuations of conserved quantities in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC: an overview Luo, Xiaofeng; Xu, Nu Nuclear Science and Techniques, Vol. 28, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-017-0257-0	journal	July 2017
Beam Energy Dependence of the Third Harmonic of Azimuthal Correlations in Au + Au Collisions at RHIC Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.112302	journal	March 2016
Dynamical initial-state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions Shen, Chun; Schenke, Björn Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.024907	journal	February 2018
The RHIC Beam Energy Scan Program: Results from the PHENIX Experiment Mitchell, Jeffery T. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 904-905 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2013.02.161	journal	May 2013
Comparison of chemical freeze-out criteria in heavy-ion collisions Cleymans, J.; Oeschler, H.; Redlich, K. Physical Review C, Vol. 73, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.73.034905	journal	March 2006
Equation of state at finite densities for QCD matter in nuclear collisions Monnai, Akihiko; Schenke, Björn; Shen, Chun Physical Review C, Vol. 100, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.100.024907	journal	August 2019
(3+1)D hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy-ion collisions Schenke, Björn; Jeon, Sangyong; Gale, Charles Physical Review C, Vol. 82, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.82.014903	journal	July 2010
Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions Gale, Charles; Jeon, Sangyong; Schenke, BjÖRn International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 28, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X13400113	journal	April 2013
Nuclear stopping and rapidity loss in Au+Au collisions at sNN=62.4 GeV Arsene, I. C.; Bearden, I. G.; Beavis, D. Physics Letters B, Vol. 677, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2009.05.049	journal	June 2009
Viscosity of pure-glue QCD from the lattice Altenkort, Luis; Eller, Alexander M.; Francis, Anthony Physical Review D, Vol. 108, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.108.014503	journal	July 2023
Longitudinal dynamics and particle production in relativistic nuclear collisions Shen, Chun; Schenke, Björn Physical Review C, Vol. 105, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.105.064905	journal	June 2022
Harmonic decomposition of three-particle azimuthal correlations at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G. Physical Review C, Vol. 98, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.034918	journal	September 2018
Net-baryon diffusion in fluid-dynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions Denicol, Gabriel S.; Gale, Charles; Jeon, Sangyong Physical Review C, Vol. 98, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.034916	journal	September 2018
The iEBE-VISHNU code package for relativistic heavy-ion collisions Shen, Chun; Qiu, Zhi; Song, Huichao Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 199 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2015.08.039	journal	February 2016
Mapping the phases of quantum chromodynamics with beam energy scan Bzdak, Adam; Esumi, ShinIchi; Koch, Volker Physics Reports, Vol. 853 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2020.01.005	journal	April 2020
Collision-geometry-based 3D initial condition for relativistic heavy-ion collisions Shen, Chun; Alzhrani, Sahr Physical Review C, Vol. 102, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.102.014909	journal	July 2020
Beam Energy Dependence of the Third Harmonic of Azimuthal Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G. HEPData, vp https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.72069.v1	dataset	April 2016
"Tch vs " of "Bulk Properties of the Medium Produced in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions from the Beam Energy Scan Program" Collaboration, Star HEPData https://doi.org/10.17182/hepdata.76977.v1/t92	dataset	January 2020

Similar Records

Thermodynamic approach to proton number fluctuations in baryon-rich heavy-ion matter created at moderate collision energies

Journal Article · 2022 · Physics Letters. B · OSTI ID:1885170

Vovchenko, Volodymyr; Koch, Volker

Bulk properties of the medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program

Journal Article · 2017 · Physical Review. C · OSTI ID:1413928

Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; +345 more

Unveiling Baryon Charge Carriers through Charge Stopping in Isobar Collisions

Journal Article · 2024 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:2460448

Pihan, Gregoire; Monnai, Akihiko; Schenke, Björn; +1 more

Related Subjects

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
collective flow
hydrodynamic models
quark-gluon plasma
transport in heavy-ion collisions
relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Title: Viscosities of the Baryon-Rich Quark-Gluon Plasma from Beam Energy Scan Data

Citation Formats

References (74)

Similar Records

Related Subjects