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Title: Make Selenium Reactive Again: Activating Elemental Selenium for Synthesis of Metal Selenides Ranging from Nanocrystals to Large Single Crystals

Journal Article · · Journal of the American Chemical Society

The inertness of elemental selenium is a significant obstacle in the synthesis of selenium-containing materials at low reaction temperatures. Over the years, several recipes have been developed to overcome this hurdle; however, most of the methods are associated with the use of highly toxic, expensive, and environmentally harmful reagents. As such, there is an increasing demand for the design of cheap, stable, and nontoxic reactive selenium precursors usable in the low-temperature synthesis of transition metal selenides with vast applications in nanotechnology, thermoelectrics, and superconductors. Herein, a novel synthetic route has been developed for activating elemental selenium by using a solvothermal approach. By comprehensive 77Se NMR, Raman, and infrared spectroscopies and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, we show that the activated Se solution contained HSe, [Se–Se]2–, and Se2– ions, as well as dialkyl selenide (R2Se) and dialkyl diselenide (R–Se–Se–R) species in dynamic equilibrium. This also corresponded to the first observation of naked Se22– in solution. The versatility of the developed Se precursor was demonstrated by the successful synthesis of (i) the polycrystalline room-temperature modification of the β-Ag2Se thermoelectric material; (ii) large single crystals of superconducting β-FeSe; (iii) CdSe nanocrystals with different particle sizes (3–10 nm); (iv) nanosheets of PtSe2; and (v) mono- and dibenzyl selenides and diselenides at room temperature. In conclusion, The simplicity and diversity of the developed Se activation method holds promise for applied and fundamental research.

Research Organization:
Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE); National Science Foundation (NSF)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-07CH11358; DMR-2003783
OSTI ID:
2305662
Report Number(s):
IS-J-11,169
Journal Information:
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 145, Issue 41; ISSN 0002-7863
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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