Cascaded hard X-ray self-seeded free-electron laser at megahertz repetition rate

Liu, Shan; Grech, Christian; Guetg, Marc; Karabekyan, Suren; Kocharyan, Vitali; Kujala, Naresh; Lechner, Christoph; Long, Tianyun; Mirian, Najmeh; Qin, Weilun; Serkez, Svitozar; Tomin, Sergey; Yan, Jiawei; Abeghyan, Suren; Anton, Jayson; Blank, Vladimir; Boesenberg, Ulrike; Brinker, Frank; Chen, Ye; Decking, Winfried; Dong, Xiaohao; Kearney, Steve; La Civita, Daniele; Madsen, Anders; Maltezopoulos, Theophilos; Rodriguez-Fernandez, Angel; Saldin, Evgeni; Samoylova, Liubov; Scholz, Matthias; Sinn, Harald; Sleziona, Vivien; Shu, Deming; Tanikawa, Takanori; Terentiev, Sergey; Trebushinin, Andrei; Tschentscher, Thomas; Vannoni, Maurizio; Wohlenberg, Torsten; Yakopov, Mikhail; Geloni, Gianluca

doi:10.1038/s41566-023-01305-x

Title: Cascaded hard X-ray self-seeded free-electron laser at megahertz repetition rate

Journal Article · 15 October 2023 · Nature Photonics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-023-01305-x · OSTI ID:2294087

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^[1]; Karabekyan, Suren ^[2]; Kocharyan, Vitali ^[1];

^[2]; Lechner, Christoph ^[2]; Long, Tianyun ^[3];

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^[2]; Tomin, Sergey ^[1];

^[2]; Abeghyan, Suren ^[2]; Anton, Jayson ^[4]; Blank, Vladimir ^[5]; Boesenberg, Ulrike ^[2]; Brinker, Frank ^[1];

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Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
European XFEL, Schenefeld (Germany)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); Peking Univ., Beijing (China)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, Troitsk (Russian Federation)
European XFEL, Schenefeld (Germany); Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) (China)
European XFEL, Schenefeld (Germany); Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin (Germany)
European XFEL, Schenefeld (Germany); High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba (Japan)

High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy in the sub-nanosecond to femtosecond time range requires ultrashort X-ray pulses and a spectral X-ray flux considerably larger than that presently available. X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) radiation from hard X-ray self-seeding (HXRSS) setups has been demonstrated in the past and offers the necessary peak flux properties. So far, these systems could not provide high repetition rates enabling a high average flux. We report the results for a cascaded HXRSS system installed at the European XFEL, currently the only operating high-repetition-rate hard X-ray XFEL facility worldwide. A high repetition rate, combined with HXRSS, allows the generation of millijoule-level pulses in the photon energy range of 6–14 keV with a bandwidth of around 1 eV (corresponding to about 1 mJ eV^–1 peak spectral density) at the rate of ten trains per second, each train including hundreds of pulses arriving at a megahertz repetition rate. At 2.25 MHz repetition rate and photon energies in the 6–7 keV range, we observed and characterized the heat-load effects on the HXRSS crystals, substantially altering the spectra of subsequent X-ray pulses. We demonstrated that our cascaded self-seeding scheme reduces this detrimental effect to below the detection level. This opens up exciting new possibilities in a wide range of scientific fields employing ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy, scattering and imaging techniques.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 2294087

Journal Information:: Nature Photonics, Journal Name: Nature Photonics Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 17; ISSN 1749-4885

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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