Characterization of a novel polyextremotolerant fungus, Exophiala viscosa, with insights into its melanin regulation and ecological niche

Carr, Erin C.; Barton, Quin; Grambo, Sarah; Sullivan, Mitchell; Renfro, Cecile M.; Kuo, Alan; Pangilinan, Jasmyn; Lipzen, Anna; Keymanesh, Keykhosrow; Savage, Emily; Barry, Kerrie; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Riekhof, Wayne R.; Harris, Steven D.

doi:10.1093/g3journal/jkad110

Title: Characterization of a novel polyextremotolerant fungus, Exophiala viscosa, with insights into its melanin regulation and ecological niche

Journal Article · 22 May 2023 · G3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkad110 · OSTI ID:2283940

Carr, Erin C. ^[1]; Barton, Quin ^[1]; Grambo, Sarah ^[2]; Sullivan, Mitchell ^[1]; Renfro, Cecile M. ^[1]; Kuo, Alan ^[3]; Pangilinan, Jasmyn ^[3]; Lipzen, Anna ^[3]; Keymanesh, Keykhosrow ^[3]; Savage, Emily ^[3]; Barry, Kerrie ^[3]; Grigoriev, Igor V. ^[4]; Riekhof, Wayne R. ^[1]; Harris, Steven D. ^[2]

University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE (United States)
Iowa State University, Ames, IA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

Black yeasts are polyextremotolerant fungi that contain high amounts of melanin in their cell wall and maintain a primary yeast form. These fungi grow in xeric, nutrient depletes environments which implies that they require highly flexible metabolisms and have been suggested to contain the ability to form lichen-like mutualisms with nearby algae and bacteria. However, the exact ecological niche and interactions between these fungi and their surrounding community are not well understood. We have isolated 2 novel black yeasts from the genus Exophiala that were recovered from dryland biological soil crusts. Despite notable differences in colony and cellular morphology, both fungi appear to be members of the same species, which has been named Exophiala viscosa (i.e. E. viscosa JF 03-3 Goopy and E. viscosa JF 03-4F Slimy). A combination of whole genome sequencing, phenotypic experiments, and melanin regulation experiments have been performed on these isolates to fully characterize these fungi and help decipher their fundamental niche within the biological soil crust consortium. Our results reveal that E. viscosa is capable of utilizing a wide variety of carbon and nitrogen sources potentially derived from symbiotic microbes, can withstand many forms of abiotic stresses, and excretes melanin which can potentially provide ultraviolet resistance to the biological soil crust community. Besides the identification of a novel species within the genus Exophiala, our study also provides new insight into the regulation of melanin production in polyextremotolerant fungi.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); U.S. Department of Education; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2283940

Journal Information:: G3, Journal Name: G3 Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 13; ISSN 2160-1836

Publisher:: Genetics Society of AmericaCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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