Separation of K+ and Bi3+ displacements in a Pb-free, monoclinic piezoelectric at the morphotropic phase boundary

Surta, Todd Wesley; Keeney, Lynette; Manjón-Sanz, Alicia M.; Crawford, Catriona; Morscher, Alexandra; Daniels, Luke M.; Claridge, John Bleddyn; Bell, Andrew J.; Alaria, Jonathan; Rosseinsky, Matthew J.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2023.119594

Title: Separation of K⁺ and Bi³⁺ displacements in a Pb-free, monoclinic piezoelectric at the morphotropic phase boundary

Journal Article · 13 December 2023 · Acta Materialia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2023.119594 · OSTI ID:2283819

^[1];

^[2]; Manjón-Sanz, Alicia M. ^[3];

^[1];

^[4];

^[1]; Rosseinsky, Matthew J. ^[1]

Univ. of Liverpool (United Kingdom)
University County Cork (Ireland)
ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Valles (Spain); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
University of Leeds (United Kingdom)

The best piezoelectric properties of any perovskite oxide known are found in the solid solution of the relaxor Pb (Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ and ferroelectric PbTiO₃. Despite its impressive properties, this system has limited analogy. We present the compositional exploration of the Pb-free analogue (1-x)(K_1/2Bi_1/2)(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-x(K_1/2Bi_1/2)TiO₃ (KBMN-KBT). We locate the morphotropic phase boundary between x = 0.86 and 0.88 changing from Cm to Pm symmetry and the optimally performing composition at x = 0.88. We report a piezoelectric figure of merit (d₃₃*) of 192 pm V^—1 from strain measurements. Diffraction methods reveal disordered displacements of K⁺ and Bi³⁺ which persist from the KBMN endmember through multiple changes in symmetry. Rearrangement of the Bi³⁺ displacements along the uncommon [011]_c direction drives the physical response. Ferroelectric, dielectric, and piezoresponse force microscopy are used to study the progression of physical properties through the MPB and attribute the mechanism to a polarization rotation. Taking account for local, short-range, and average structural features yield a balanced perspective on the structure and properties of this system, isolating the driving force within this system to the Bi³⁺ bonding configuration. This work yields a strong analogy to the Pb-based analogue, and provides strategies for further optimization.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2283819

Journal Information:: Acta Materialia, Vol. 265; ISSN 1359-6454

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Separation of K+ and Bi3+ displacements in a Pb-free, monoclinic piezoelectric at the morphotropic phase boundary

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Title: Separation of K⁺ and Bi³⁺ displacements in a Pb-free, monoclinic piezoelectric at the morphotropic phase boundary