DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Templates of expected measurement uncertainties for (n, xn) cross sections

Journal Article · · EPJ Nuclear Sciences and Technologies

A template is provided for evaluating experimental uncertainties for neutron elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections and γ-ray production cross sections from (n, xn) measurements at laboratories with monoenergetic or white neutron sources. A typical range of uncertainties is presented for experiments detecting the scattered neutrons or the resulting de-excitation γ rays based on a survey of available data and input from many experimentalists and theorists with extensive knowledge in the field. Models commonly used to evaluate the resulting cross-sections are also discussed. Suggestions are made regarding what experimental and uncertainty information is needed for data evaluations and should be included when reporting experimental (n, xn) cross sections. Uncertainty values and correlations are recommended if these values cannot be estimated for past data from the literature.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC52-07NA27344; SC0021243; SC0021175; SC0021424; 89233218CNA000001
OSTI ID:
2281464
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 2367497
Report Number(s):
LLNL--JRNL-855098; 1083417
Journal Information:
EPJ Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Journal Name: EPJ Nuclear Sciences and Technologies Vol. 9; ISSN 2491-9292
Publisher:
EDP SciencesCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (111)

The Ohio University beam swinger facility journal July 1982
Differential Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of 7- to 15-MeV Neutrons from Beryllium journal October 1978
A modified version of the Monte Carlo computer code for calculating neutron detection efficiencies journal December 1981
SCINFUL: A Monte Carlo based computer program to determine a scintillator full energy response to neutron detection for E/sub n/ between 0. 1 and 80 MeV: Program development and comparisons of program predictions with experimental data report April 1988
Studying the role of nuclear structure effects in neutron-induced reactions using GEANIE at LANSCE journal February 2001
Assessment of beryllium and molybdenum nuclear data files with the RPI neutron scattering system in the energy region from 0.5 to 20 MeV journal January 2017
The Prompt Fission Neutron Spectrum of 235 U( n , f ) below 2.5 MeV for Incident Neutrons from 0.7 to 20 MeV journal February 2018
Global characterisation of the GELINA facility for high-resolution neutron time-of-flight measurements by Monte Carlo simulations
  • Ene, D.; Borcea, C.; Kopecky, S.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 618, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.005
journal June 2010
Multiple scattering correction for inelastic scattering from cylindrical targets journal April 1970
A proton recoil telescope for neutron spectroscopy
  • Donzella, A.; Barbui, M.; Bocci, F.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 613, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.10.135
journal January 2010
A Measurement of the 27 Al ( d, n ) Spectrum for Use in Neutron Detector Calibration journal June 1998
Helium Production Cross Sections for 15-MeV Neutrons on6Li and7Li journal October 1986
Template for estimating uncertainties of measured neutron-induced fission cross-sections journal January 2018
Neutron scattering differential cross sections for 23Na from 1.5 to 4.5 MeV journal July 2015
EMPIRE: Nuclear Reaction Model Code System for Data Evaluation journal December 2007
Neutron-rich isotopes from 238U(n,f) and 232Th(n,f) studied with the ν-ball spectrometer coupled to the LICORNE neutron source journal January 2018
Neutron inelastic scattering from 54 , 56 Fe journal February 1986
Validation of the U-238 inelastic scattering neutron cross section through the EXCALIBUR dedicated experiment journal January 2017
Comparison of long counter measurements of monoenergetic and radionuclide source-based neutron fluence journal December 2010
On the validity of Cranberg's analytical method for calculation of the attenuation and multiple scattering corrections journal June 1983
Talys-1.0 conference May 2008
Cross sections, angular distributions, and magnetic substate populations in the Na 23 ( n , n ′ γ ) reaction journal September 1977
A method for the computation of plural and multiple scattering corrections journal November 1952
The Los Alamos National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Sources journal October 1990
Measurement of the cross section of the Q=4.4398 MeV C12(n,n'γ) reaction from threshold to 16.5 MeV using γ and correlated n−γ detection journal July 2023
Templates of expected measurement uncertainties for total neutron cross-section observables journal January 2023
Evaluation of Neutron Reactions on Iron Isotopes for CIELO and ENDF/B-VIII.0 journal February 2018
Neutron inelastic scattering measurements on Xe 136 at E n = 0.7 to 100 MeV journal December 2018
Measurement of prompt fission neutron spectrum for spontaneous fission of Cf 252 using γ multiplicity tagging journal June 2017
Analyzing power measurements for neutron-nucleus scattering and the spin-orbit potential conference January 1985
Fast neutron measurements at the nELBE time-of-flight facility journal January 2015
A Global Dispersive Coupled-Channel Optical Model Potential for Actinides journal April 2008
Novel monoenergetic neutron sources for energies between 2.5 and 25.7 MeV journal February 1987
Quasi-Differential Neutron Scattering in Zirconium from 0.5 to 20 MeV journal June 2013
58Ni +ntransmission, capture and differential elastic scattering data analysis in the resonance region journal March 1986
Quasi-differential neutron scattering from 238U from 0.5 to 20 MeV journal November 2014
Calculation of Neutron Cross Sections on93Nb for JENDL-4 journal August 2008
Cf252Fission Neutron Spectrum from 0.003 to 15.0 MeV journal May 1967
ARIADNE – a program estimating covariances in detail for neutron experiments journal January 2018
Elastic and inelastic scattering of neutrons on 238 U nucleus journal January 2014
Recent developments in Geant4
  • Allison, J.; Amako, K.; Apostolakis, J.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 835 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.06.125
journal November 2016
New neutron cross-section measurements at ORELA and their application in nuclear criticality calculations
  • Guber, K. H.; Leal, L. C.; Sayer, R. O.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 241, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.07.083
journal December 2005
Quasi-differential elastic and inelastic neutron scattering from iron in the MeV energy range journal December 2017
Calibration of a Li-glass detector for neutron energies above 50 keV by the 1H(t,n) 3He reaction journal November 1994
Measurement of the angle-correlated neutron spectrum for the 9Be(n,2n) reaction with a pencil-beam DT neutron source conference January 2007
Directional-correlation attenuation factors for Ge(Li) γ-ray detectors journal December 1968
Inspection of 56 Fe γ -Ray angular distributions as a function of incident neutron energy using optical model approaches journal January 2017
High resolution measurement of neutron inelastic scattering cross-sections for 23Na
  • Rouki, C.; Archier, P.; Borcea, C.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 672 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2012.01.004
journal April 2012
The Neutron Scattering Cross Section and Angular Distribution Measurement Program at LANL journal January 2023
Geant4—a simulation toolkit
  • Agostinelli, S.; Allison, J.; Amako, K.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 506, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8
journal July 2003
Local and global nucleon optical models from 1 keV to 200 MeV journal January 2003
54Fe neutron elastic and inelastic scattering differential cross sections from 2–6 MeV journal April 2018
Sample-size effects in neutron scattering studied with analytic and Monte Carlo methods journal November 1975
Templates of expected measurement uncertainties for average prompt and total fission neutron multiplicities journal January 2023
Characterization of the neutron beam at nELBE
  • Beyer, R.; Birgersson, E.; Elekes, Z.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 723 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.05.010
journal September 2013
Towards a More Complete and Accurate Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data Library (EXFOR): International Collaboration Between Nuclear Reaction Data Centres (NRDC) journal June 2014
Calibration and Monte Carlo modelling of neutron long counters
  • Tagziria, Hamid; Thomas, David J.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 452, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00448-4
journal October 2000
239Pu(n,2n)238Pu cross section deduced using a combination of experiment and theory journal January 2002
Evaluation of theoretical conversion coefficients using BrIcc
  • Kibédi, T.; Burrows, T. W.; Trzhaskovskaya, M. B.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 589, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.02.051
journal May 2008
Consistent assessment of neutron-induced activation of 93Nb journal March 2023
Response of the Long Counter journal April 1954
Neutron detection efficiency of the liquid scintillator NE 214 in the MeV range journal June 1971
Correlated n−γ angular distributions from the Q=4.4398 MeV C12(n,n′γ) reaction for incident neutron energies from 6.5 MeV to 16.5 MeV journal December 2021
Interaction des neutrons de 14,1 MeV avec le deutérium journal January 1963
The Analysis of Angular Correlation and Angular Distribution Data journal August 1953
Measurement of differential and double-differential neutron emission cross-sections for 9Be at 21.94 MeV neutrons journal December 2017
Fast-neutron Induced Reactions at the nELBE Time-of-flight Facility journal May 2014
Neutron-induced reaction studies at FIGARO using a spallation source
  • Rochman, D.; Haight, R. C.; O’ Donnell, J. M.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 523, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2003.12.026
journal May 2004
Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of 7- to 14-MeV Neutrons from Lithium-6 and Lithium-7 journal January 1979
Neutron Cross Section Measurements book January 2010
Accurate measurement of the counting efficiency of a NE-213 neutron detector between 2 and 26 MeV journal December 1972
Double differential neutron emission cross sections of10B AND11B at 6, 10 and 14 MeV and of6Li,7Li and12C at 14 MeV journal March 1986
Applying a Template of Expected Uncertainties to Updating 239Pu(n,f) Cross-section Covariances in the Neutron Data Standards Database journal January 2020
Cross section and neutron angular distribution measurements of neutron scattering on natural iron journal February 2019
Cross-section measurements for the Fe 56 ( n , x n γ ) reactions journal September 2014
A Neutron Detector Having Uniform Sensitivity from 10 Kev to 3 Mev journal October 1947
Cross Section Measurements at LANSCE for Defense, Science and Applications journal January 2015
Elastic and inelastic scattering of neutrons from 54, 56Fe and 63, 65Cu journal December 1982
Average Neutron Total Cross Sections in the Unresolved Energy Range From ORELA High Resolutio Transmission Measurements report May 2004
Elastic and inelastic scattering of neutrons from 54, 56Fe and 63, 65Cu journal December 1982
Neutron Spectroscopy for pulsed beams with frame overlap using a double time-of-flight technique
  • Harrig, K. P.; Goldblum, B. L.; Brown, J. A.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 877 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.09.051
journal January 2018
The Los Alamos three-stage Van de Graaff facility journal November 1974
The 1H(7Li,n)7 reaction as a neutron source in the MeV range report August 1981
Nonexistence of Self-Conjugate Particles with Half-Integral Isospin. journal July 1967
The nELBE neutron time-of-flight facility conference October 2008
Neutron Elastic Scattering Cross Sections for 16O Between 9 and 15 MeV journal December 1982
Sample-size effects in fast-neutron gamma-ray production measurements: solid-cylinder samples report September 1975
Neutron Total Cross-Section Measurements of 9 Be, 10,11 B, and 12,13 C from 1.0 to 14 MeV Using the 9 Be( d,n ) 10 B Reaction as a “White” Neutron Source journal January 1979
Measurement of U238(n,n′γ ) cross section data and their impact on reaction models journal October 2021
Development of a kinematically focused neutron source with the p(7Li,n)7Be inverse reaction
  • Lebois, M.; Wilson, J. N.; Halipré, P.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 735 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.07.061
journal January 2014
Monte Carlo and analytical models of neutron detection with organic scintillation detectors
  • Pozzi, Sara A.; Flaska, Marek; Enqvist, Andreas
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 582, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.08.246
journal November 2007
Analysis of the prompt-neutron spectrum from spontaneous fission of252Cf journal March 1984
Evaluation of the Neutron Data Standards journal February 2018
Recipes for multiple scattering corrections journal May 1971
A system for differential neutron scattering experiments in the energy range from 0.5 to 20MeV
  • Saglime, F. J.; Danon, Y.; Block, R. C.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 620, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.04.051
journal August 2010
αand2p2nemission in fast neutron-induced reactions onNi60 journal June 2015
Fast neutron scattering on Gallium target at 14.8 MeV journal April 2015
Elastic and Inelastic Neutron Cross Sections for Boron-10 and Boron-11 journal February 1982
The 1H(11B,n)11C reaction as a practical low background monoenergetic neutron source in the 10 MeV region
  • Chiba, Satoshi; Mizumoto, Motoharu; Hasegawa, Kazuo
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 281, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(89)91493-9
journal September 1989
Inelastic scattering of fast neutrons from excited states in 56Fe journal July 2014
Geant4 developments and applications journal February 2006
Relative neutron detector efficiency and response function measurements with a 252Cf neutron source
  • Gul, K.; Naqvi, A. A.; Al-Juwair, H. A.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 278, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(89)90867-X
journal June 1989
Finite-sample corrections to neutron scattering data journal June 1970
Statistical Model of Intermediate Structure journal August 1966
Helios: The new harwell electron linear accelerator, and its scientific programme journal September 1980
Neutron scattering cross section measurements for Fe 56 journal June 2017
MCNP-PoliMi: a Monte-Carlo code for correlation measurements
  • Pozzi, Sara A.; Padovani, Enrico; Marseguerra, Marzio
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 513, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2003.06.012
journal November 2003
Differential Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of 9- to 15-MeV Neutrons from Carbon journal December 1976
Templates of expected measurement uncertainties for neutron-induced capture and charged-particle production cross section observables journal January 2023
Cross Sections for Neutron Production from 6- and 10-MeV Neutrons Incident on 10B and 11B journal June 2021
Beryllium and Graphite Neutron Total Cross-Section Measurements from 0.4 to 20 MeV journal November 2012