More Than 30 000-fold Field Enhancement of Terahertz Nanoresonators Enabled by Rapid Inverse Design

Lee, Hyoung-Taek; Kim, Jeonghoon; Lee, Joon Sue; Yoon, Mina; Park, Hyeong-Ryeol

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03572

Title: More Than 30 000-fold Field Enhancement of Terahertz Nanoresonators Enabled by Rapid Inverse Design

Journal Article · 07 December 2023 · Nano Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03572 · OSTI ID:2281144

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Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST (Korea, Republic of)
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

The rapid development of 6G communications using terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves has created a demand for highly sensitive THz nanoresonators capable of detecting these waves. Among the potential candidates, THz nanogap loop arrays show promising characteristics but require significant computational resources for accurate simulation. This requirement arises because their unit cells are 10 times smaller than millimeter wavelengths, with nanogap regions that are 1 000 000 times smaller. To address this challenge, we propose a rapid inverse design method using physics-informed machine learning, employing double deep Q-learning with an analytical model of the THz nanogap loop array. In ~39 h on a middle-level personal computer, our approach identifies the optimal structure through 200 000 iterations, achieving an experimental electric field enhancement of 32 000 at 0.2 THz, 300% stronger than prior results. In conclusion, our analytical model-based approach significantly reduces the amount of computational resources required, offering a practical alternative to numerical simulation-based inverse design for THz nanodevices.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE); National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; NRF-2021R1A2C1008452; NRF-2022M3H4A1A04096465; NRF-2023K2A9A1A0109872811

OSTI ID:: 2281144

Journal Information:: Nano Letters, Vol. 23, Issue 24; ISSN 1530-6984

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: More Than 30 000-fold Field Enhancement of Terahertz Nanoresonators Enabled by Rapid Inverse Design

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