A review of experimental methods to determine bioaerosol transfer in energy recovery ventilators

Annadurai, Gurubalan; Joseph Mathews, Ashwin; Krishnan, Easwaran N.; Simonson, Carey J.

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.122322

Title: A review of experimental methods to determine bioaerosol transfer in energy recovery ventilators

Journal Article · 30 December 2023 · Applied Thermal Engineering

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.122322 · OSTI ID:2281102

Annadurai, Gurubalan ^[1]; Joseph Mathews, Ashwin ^[2];

^[3]; Simonson, Carey J. ^[2]

Indian Inst. of Technology (IIT), Bombay (India)
Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Canada)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Increasing ventilation is an effective method to reduce indoor airborne disease transmission. An Energy recovery ventilator (ERV) is a passive energy recovery device used to reduce the energy consumption of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems for conditioning the ventilation air. It preconditions the ventilation air by transferring energy from building exhaust air. Therefore, the ventilation and exhaust air streams interact directly/indirectly in the ERV for energy transfer. It is surmised that the ERV may transfer bioaerosols (with pathogens) from the exhaust air to ventilation air, resulting in the spread of infectious diseases. Consequently, many pandemic HVAC guidelines recommend that the use of ERVs be limited. This is a highly unsustainable direction given the increased energy requirements associated with the high ventilation provision advocated for pandemic operation. It must be noted that no validated experimental evidence exists in literature for bioaerosol transfer in ERVs. Hence, it is necessary to conduct extensive bioaerosol transfer research before adopting the unsustainable practice of limiting the utilization of ERVs. The main objective of this review study is to summarize the experimental methods and instrumentation for bioaerosol transfer research in ERVs. This comprehensive article provides a detailed overview of the generation, sampling, and analysis of bioaerosols for conducting the experiments. Further, it explains the possible mechanisms for bioaerosol transfer in various types of ERVs based on which the ERVs that need immediate attention are identified. The main contribution of this research paper is that it provides a novel experimental method which encompasses the biosafety aspects, instrumentation, performance parameters and uncertainties in conducting virus contained bioaerosol transfer study in ERVs. The findings from this review will be helpful in designing bioaerosol transfer experiments and developing future ERV test standards for such experiments.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2281102

Journal Information:: Applied Thermal Engineering, Journal Name: Applied Thermal Engineering Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 240; ISSN 1359-4311

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: A review of experimental methods to determine bioaerosol transfer in energy recovery ventilators

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